Brecht’s The Good Person of Szechwan is an apt representation of the theory of epic theater

Brecht’s Epic Theatre is a theatre of destroyed illusions and a wide awake audience which took birth from the theory of Korschian Marxism which saw ideology as a material force that served as an important tool of dominance. It is a theatre of instruction and hence is also termed Didactic theatre and because of the binary opposition present in its themes it is also known as Dialectical Theatre. The biggest aim of Brechtian plays is to alienate the audience to bring about an understanding which can affect change, Brecht terms this phenomenon as the Verfremdung’s Effekt (Alienation Effect or the A-effect), which comes from the Chinese play tradition. The audience is never one with the actor, they are always aware that the play is not real and that whatever is being presented on stage is not reality but a depiction of a certain reality. The ‘A-Effect’ is also known as the technique of defamiliarization wherein the familiar is made strange through alienation tropes such as addressing the audience directly, changing clothes in front of the audience, use of songs etc, which ensures that the audience is at all times rational, intellectual, and act as scientific observers so that they are able to question the industrial world and its authoritarian structures. As Walter Benjamin while summarizing Brecht’s theatre said â€Å"for its public the stage is no longer ‘the planks which signify the world’ (in other words, a magic circle), but a convenient public exhibition area. For its stage, the public is no longer a collection of hypnotized test subjects, but an assembly of interested persons whose demands it must satisfy. For its text, the performance is no longer a virtuoso interpretation, but its rigorous control. For its performance, the text is no longer a basis of that performance, but a grid on which, in the form of new formulations, the gains of that performance are marked†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 1 and so Bertolt Brecht’s theory of Epic Theatre transforms into its praxis in his play The Good Person of Szechwan. The Good Person of Szechwan is a purely Marxist play that deals with the social conditions of its milieu and how the people who are put in those situations react to it and towards one another. The major theme being that of survival in a world that is ruled not by goodness of character but by the evil and corruption of the society. The juxtaposition of poverty with plentitude is a leit motif in the play. Wang’s ‘The Water Seller’s Song In The Rain’ brigns forth this juxtaposition beautifully when he laments, â€Å"I sell water. Who will taste it? -Who would want to in this weather? All my labour has been wasted Fetching these few pints together. I stand shouting by my Water! And nobody thinks it Worth stopping and buying Or greedily drinks it. †2 Since its rainy season and there is plenty of water no one bothers buying the water from Wang and this plentitude becomes poverty for Wang. We start to pity Wang’s character when we realize that he is a proletariat and is burdened by poverty, but Brecht alienates us from Wang’s character by showing us his cheating and swindling side so that we rationalize his character and see him as the representative of the proletariat ideology of swindling and cheating. There is no Bourgeois enemy present in the play. The problem is within the proletariat and not amongst the proletariat and bourgeois. The problems that Shen Teh or the other characters face are due to their social conditions. The province of Szechwan can be seen as a microcosm of what is happening all over the world. Throughout the play there is constant reference to â€Å"hunger. † Hunger is seen as annihilating honor. Shen Teh’s hesitancy to take the God’s in is because she has an empty stomach. She says â€Å"†¦I’m afraid that a rumbling stomach is no respecter of persons. 3 The motif of hunger and poverty can also be seen in Brecht’s other play The Life of Galileo. The play starts with Galileo saying â€Å"Put the milk on table†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 4 and Andrea replying â€Å"Mother says we must pay the milkman, if we don’t he’ll be describing a circle round us, Signor Galilei†5 and later on when Galileo says â€Å"†¦an d I like to eat decently. It’s when I’m eating I get most inspiration. A rotten age. They haven’t paid me as much as the man who drives their wine-carts. †6 We are always reminded of the juxtaposition of plentitude with poverty. The play is dialectical in its split between Shen Teh’s self fulfillment and Shui Ta’s self preservation. It is the â€Å"inevitable clash between desire and fact and as the paradox of ends and means. These are two sides of the same coin. Shen Teh’s wish to be generous must employ Shui Ta’s profiteering meanness, or else she would be deprived of her charitable self. †7 Prosperity is associated with lack of goodness and â€Å"social conditions twist the natural goodness of human beings into opposites†8 and hence if Shen Teh wants to prosper then she needs to give into Shui Ta’s calculating nature. In The Good Person of Szechwan we have constant interruptions that are brought about by the musical interludes and all these songs work to alienate the audience from the play and to make them question the situation being presented in front of them. They are made to question the worth of Shen Teh’s goodness as it leaves her not ennobled but economically emaciated. Walter Benjamin says that, â€Å"the interrupting of action is one of the principle concerns of epic theatre. Therein lies the formal achievements of Brecht’s songs with their crude, heart rendering refrains. 9 and hence ‘The Water Seller’s Song In The Rain’ comes just after the love scene between Shen Teh and Yang Sun, disrupting the audience from getting involved in the play and again bringing their attention to the dialectics between poverty and plentitude. Brecht says that â€Å"in the epic theatre moral arguments only took second place. Its aim was less to moralize than to observe. â € 10 So we see that Shen Teh’s goodness is constantly thwarted by the social circumstances and harsh necessities of survival in a competitive world but no moralizing comments are made. The play begins on a note of despair and ends with one. For Shen Teh to survive it is necessary that Shui Ta also survives. The God’s in the play are ignorant, humanized and a satire on the hegemony in Christianity, questioning the absolutism of Christianity in the early twentieth Century. Instead of one god head we are presented with three Gods and none of them can do anything to lift Shen Teh out of the drudgery that she is a part of even though she is good. In the trial scene the gods are seen as nothing but impostors, their omniscience and all powerful stature is questioned. The idea of justice is questioned, deconstructed and done away with. Neither is virtue rewarded nor vice punished, instead vice is seen as a means to an end. Shui Ta is not punished for any of the crimes and Shen Teh is not rewarded for her goodness. Brecht here blends divine justice with legal justice by making the Gods don on the attire of the magistrate to mock at divine justice. It is a Marxist onslaught on the institutionalization of religion. In his other play The Caucasian Chalk Circle we have the character of Azdak whose method of delineating legal justice is more serious in purpose and intent as compared to the three Gods here who appear as mere fools. One is forced to question if justice is being delayed or if there is no concept of justice in an industrial world. The open ended-ness of the trial scene erodes the moralistic nature and it prises upon the mind of the audience and affects change. Brecht in all his plays comments on â€Å"Jetztzeit†, a term that Walter Benjamin coined for the presence of â€Å"now† in Brechtian plays. According to Walter Benjamin, â€Å"history for Brecht was an ever present arena, never as with Lukacs a thing of past† and hence we see that Mother Courage and her Children, The Good Person of Szechwan or The Life of Galileo all have topical references in the World War I and II, the failure of the Russian Revolution/Communism/Dictatorship and questioning of the viability and feasibility of science in a post Hiroshima-Nagasaki world, respectively. Also epic theatre is literarized. â€Å"The literarization of theatre by means of verbal formulas, posters, captions, is intended to, and will, make what is shown on the stage unsensational. 11 The performance is not aimed to draw the audience into the play but to make them stand at the periphery so that they question the bourgeoisie ideology and break free from it, so that the proletariat is emancipated and socialism can be constructed. Brecht believes that society can be changed through intellectual action and that is the reason t hat his plays are so highly dialectical. We see the dialectics between Good and God when Shen Teh as Shui Ta sings the ‘Song of the Defencelessness of the Good and The Gods’ â€Å"The good Cannot remain good for long in our country Where cupboards are bare, housewives start to squabble. Oh, the divine commandments Are not much use against hunger. So why can’t the god’s share out what they’ve created Come down and distribute the bounties of nature And allow us, once hunger and thirst has been sated To mix with each other in friendship and pleasure? †12 Gods here are seen as privileging the aristocrats and Christianity is seen as a perpetrator of class difference. The motif of hunger is again visible in the song. Hunger can not be satiated by following the commandments, one need to have money to buy food and that money comes not from praying but by being economically independent and well of. When the audience hears the song they realize the futility of religion in an economic world. It brings to the forefront the debate between spirituality and materialism. It makes the spectators question both the value of a bourgeoisie society and that of religion. Being but a Marxist play every theme is given a Marxist interpretation, even the idea of love and marriage. Shen Teh has to choose between Yang Sun and Mr. Shu Fu. It is as Shui Ta that she favors Mr. Shu Fu for he can provide her with a future but as Shen Teh her emotions sway her towards Yang Sun. In a direct address to the audience Shen Teh sings; â€Å"I would go with the man whom I love. I would not reckon what it costs me. I would not consider what is wiser. I would not know whether he loves me. I would go with the man that I love. †13 â€Å"As Shui Ta she knows the worthlessness of her charming but rascally lover Sun. But with her emotional feminine self, as Shen Teh, she cannot give up the physical passion and tenderness that bind her to him. In Shen Teh’s love the drive for self-fulfillment and the need for self preservation clash in hopeless combat that can never be decided. 14 Brecht in The Good Person of Szechwan presents us with a Marxist theme, a dialectical debate between poverty and plentitude, goodness and god, religion and materialism etc, all of which is made apparent to the audience by the alienation effect brought about by the musical interludes that are present through out the course of the play, Shen Teh’s changing clothes in front of the audience, direct address to the audience; in an attempt to make sure that the play raises questions in the minds of the audience and breaks their identification with the bourgeoisie ideology. In totality Brecht’s play The Good Person of Szechwan is an apt representation of his epic or intellectual theatre that is built on the concept of critical theory translating into intellectual action on stage wherein Brecht seeks to illumine historically specific features of a milieu in order to show how that milieu influenced, shaped and often battered and destroyed the individual. Instead of focusing on the universal elements of human situations and fate, Brecht on the other hand is interested in depicting the attitude that people adopted towards each other in a specific historical situation or context.

Letter of proposal

EXAMPLE OF A LETTER OF PROPOSALThis illustration is fictional and is for illustration intents merely.LetterheadDear Mr. Hanson: Recently I noticed a missive in the editorial subdivision of the Argus Leader in which the author expressed concern over the present status and jobs associating to Newton Hills State Park, near Canton. A hebdomad subsequently I read your answer to that missive, and I was really pleased to happen that programs were being developed to better park conditions. Having visited the park many times myself, I have become cognizant of the many design jobs the park now holds. Engagement in out-of-door diversion and related activities is turning enormously across the state. Park directors and supervisors are happening their Parkss unable to stand the greatly increased usage. Roads developed for a few Sunday visitants are about wholly unequal for the multitudes of people who converge on Parkss on warm, cheery weekends and hills erode after big Numberss of people trample the flora. Furthermore, recent events such as the old-timer auto show and the one-year common people festival brought even more people into your park, seting an extra strain on the park ‘s resources. However, these jobs can be solved and more like them can be prevented.ProposalI propose that Sara Jen Forest Services, Inc. survey and look into the jobs associating to the physical functionalism of Newton Hills State Park. Upon finishing the probe, we shall subject a study to you that will incorporate the proposed recommendations and modified park program. This study and its attender prog ram will rectify the park of its traffic flow jobs.BackgroundPark design has become a really complicated discovery difficu1t procedure. Along with the job of aesthetics and traveling people around inside the park, societal map has become a job of paramount importance. In other words, a park must offer the proper physical scene, every bit good as the proper societal ambiance for people to bask their recreational experience. Peoples come to parks for different grounds. Therefore, single demands have to be considered. At the same clip, the park interior decorator has to see the whole population ‘s demands. Satisfying all these demands involves utilizing every possible country in the park, without making a struggle in involvements.ProcedureThe basic process for explicating our recommendations involves four stairss and will take about 10 hebdomads to finish.Measure one:I will analyse the park itself. Carefully analyzing the park, watching the users, and speaking to visitants are parts of this measure.Measure two:After happening and specifying the particular job countries, I will make intensive research. I will look into books, booklets, and legion other written resources for appropriate solutions that have been attempted and have either succeeded or failed.Measure three:I will oppugn our staff of advisers about their experiences and thoughts refering to specific jobs. I will see these replies in expli cating executable solutions.Measure four:After I have completed these stairss, I will do my concluding recommendations in a study that will be submitted to you within two hebdomads after the study is completed. The 10 hebdomads I propose should be more than adequate to fix a study and program which will increase your park visitants ‘ enjoyment.CostIn the long tally, the cost of this research will be little compared to the money it will salvage as a consequence of hapless planning and over-use. The lone costs will be my disbursals and my labour. Our company policy is to delegate one individual to a undertaking while the remainder of our associates act as advisers. We pay our outside advisers on a set footing. For this undertaking, the rates are as follows: My labour 30 hours @ $ 65.00 per hr $ 1950.00 Secretarial fees $ 100.00 Entire Cost $ 2050.00 This sum will be collectible within 10 yearss after our program has been submitted to you.Forces and QualificationsI believe that I am qualified to function you, and I know that my staff of advisers is really qualified to assist with the job. I have a Bachelor of Science in Forestry from Purdue University. I besides hold a Maestro of Science in Recreation from The Ohio State University. After passing four old ages with Parks and Landscape Design in Omaha, I have merely completed my 3rd twelvemonth with my ain house. My staff of advisers consists of other park interior decorators, my associates, university professors, and many other qualified persons.FeasibilityThe best cogent evidence I can offer of my company ‘s success is our record. We have saved many people and communities big amounts of money by our experience in design. For illustration, we were asked to confer with in be aftering the design of a Pukwana, South Dakota City Park. Upon look intoing the programs submitted we found that the cloaca system drained straight into the proposed swimming pool. If the installations had been built harmonizing to programs, the mistake would hold cost 1000s of dollars to fix ; nevertheless, a simple alteration in programs resolved the job before it became an actuality. I realize that you serve the people non merely in Canton, and Sioux Falls, but those in Southwest Minnesota, Northwest Iowa, and Northeast Nebraska every bit good. As you well cognize, trial at all South Dakota State Parkss is up about 15 % over last twelvemonth and New ton Hills has had an about 20 % addition so far this twelvemonth. This increased trial makes redesigning Newton Hills State Park really of import. I hope you will earnestly see our command and so accept it. If you have any inquiries or suggestions as to bettering our methods and processs, delight name us anytime at ( 605 ) 366-1978. Thank you. Respectfully, Sonny Sundstrom Manager SaraTen Forest Services, Inc.Notes on This ExampleLetterhead: This illustration shows that you could utilize or plan your ain letterhead. Letterhead is typically centered horizontally on the page and takes up an inch to an inch and a half of infinite at the top of the page. If you use letterhead, do certain that you use it merely for the first page. AUGUST 12, 2006: This illustration follows what is called †Block Form † in your text. Block signifier topographic points everything at the left border, with no indenture for paragraphs. Paragraphs are separated by one clean line. Block signifier is the most formal, and is excessively formal for some authors. You may, if you prefer, use â€Å" Semi-block Form, † which allows the Heading, Dateline, Complimentary Close, and Signature Block to be indented. The indenture is either set so that the longest line of these elements ends at the right border, or set by tabbing over to the centre point to get down typing each line of these indented elements. However, in both formats, paragraphs are non indented and a colon follows the salute. HANSON: In both the block and semi-block formats, ever follow the salute with a colon. The comma is used merely in informal, or personal missive formats, which are inappropriate for a missive of proposal. RECENTLY I NOTICED: This statement provides some context for subjecting the proposal. Since this proposal is unasked it needs to hold some sort of principle. In your assignment, you may mention to e-mail correspondence or telephone conversation. Turning TREMENDOUSLY: This paragraph provides some background to the reader. Notice that this background is both general ( â€Å" park supervisors find†¦ â€Å" ) and specific to the park that he manages ( â€Å"the old-timer auto show and one-year common people festival† ) . This paragraph shows the reader that the author understands some of the jobs that the reader faces. I PROPOSE THAT: Again, this proposal is unasked. That means that the author has to be really specific as to what he is suggesting to make. In this instance, the reader will have a study and an affiliated program. These paperss will work out traffic flow jobs at the park. It will non turn to other unexpressed concerns that the reader may hold. Make it clear merely what any proposal will supply. As your text points out, a proposal is a binding papers. Any vagueness can take to unpleasant fortunes. PARK DESIGN HAS BECOME: This background subdivision provides a more generic. background for the proposal. However, whereas the background paragraph above alluded to the jobs faced by the reader, this background provides some avenues toward solutions. This subdivision besides shows how the information in this subdivision win be incorporated into the overall solution and indicates the range of what the author proposes. Ten WEEKS: Built-in in any proposal is a clip agenda. Undertakings that involve several stairss may besides include a dislocation in hours. This tactic is a benefit to the reader ( to see what he ‘s paying for ) and to the author ( to coerce him to budget specific sums of clip for the assorted undertakings the involved in the undertaking ) . Since this undertaking is reasonably simple, the clip is given merely in hebdomads, and no peculiar figure of hebdomads is budgeted for any given measure. Note the concluding text for this subdivision. You should ever seek to reason each subdivision with text, and non with figures, tabular arraies, or lists. WILL Be SMALL COMPARED TO: The cost of the proposed undertaking may look high, particularly to a park director who deals with province support and limited resources. This tactic shows reader benefit, comparing short term disbursal with long term nest eggs. I AM Qualified: In proposals, particularly unasked 1s, it ‘s of import to catalog the author ‘s makings. Even when the reader and author are known to each other, it ne'er hurts to include a makings subdivision, particularly if the reader may non be the ultimate determination shaper. Including makings is more professional. PROPOSED SWIMMING POOL: This subdivision is structured deductively, traveling from a general statement ( â€Å"we have saved many people† ) to a really specific illustration of the company ‘s success. This sort of specificity is persuasive. In a longer proposal you might see including one or two more illustrations, if you have them, or indicate that you can supply the names of satisfied clients should the reader bespeak them. SERIOUSLY CONSIDER OUR Command: This concluding paragraph presents a gross revenues pitch to the reader. The unexpressed premise is that this job is non traveling to travel off and win likely merely acquire worse.. Again, in an unasked proposal this technique allows the author to stop the proposal on a positive note, demoing assurance and reader benefit.

Is Time Real Essay

Is Time Real The aspects of time that we can understand are only based on what we can perceive, observe, and calculate. Every day we look at our watches or clocks. We plan our day around different times of the day. Time tells us when to eat, when to sleep, and how long to do things for. Is time real? To answer this question, let me explain what time is first. Time is defined as a measured or measurable period, a continuum that lacks spatial dimensions. This broad definition lacks the simple explanation that humans are searching for. There are many scientists, philosophers, and thinkers who have tried to put time into understanding terms. In the following paragraph, I will discuss the meaning of time perceived and theorized by two of the greatest minds of human kind ? Einstein and Kant. Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity (study guide, 53) came up with the idea that both space and time were relative to the observer, or the state of motion of the observer (Broadcast). If there are two chairs, and you see someone sitting in one, when you turn away, you can not be sure that he or she is still there. You also can not be sure that they are not in two chairs at the same time, or what point in time they are in them. This all leads up to Einstein’s theory that time is relative. What Einstein’s theory seemed to tell us was that time is not absolute and universal. It can be changed by motion. Each observer carries around his own personal scale of time and it does not absolutely agree with anybody else’s. However, some philosophers have argued that all time is unreal. Kant, for example, claimed that time both the subjective time we experience as flowing, and objective time as the fixed series of all events ? is a construct of the human mind (Manuel Velasquez, 244). For Kant space and time are not real things, but are modes of experience. Kant’s solution was to say that there is something in our mind, that makes everything that we experience to our sense be located in time so that the physical world is simply bound to be temporal because of the way our minds works (Broadcast). From my point of view, time is definitely real, only our experience of time is subjective. For example, we see a train with blue color followed by yellow color followed by blue and so on. We will at first be able to distinguish the blue from the yellow as the train starts moving. After a while, the train moves very fast that the sequence appears to be simultaneous to our eyes and mind and we see green. We can see time is real because blue follows yellow, but our perception of time is subjective because we don’t see a sequence of blue following yellow, but something else entirely. In conclusion, time is not easily explained or understood by anyone. Einstein and Kant have expanded their minds by coming up with possible theories for the unknown. We can theorize, and calculate our own, but I think it will always be an unknown. The mysteries of the universe will in my opinion be just that, a mystery. Resources: Manuel Velasquez. â€Å"Introduction: What is philosophy† Philosophy: A text with Readings. New York: Wadsworth, 2005. 244.

Cyberbullying Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cyberbullying - Assignment Example It will also gather information on the students experiences with the vice and the extent of damage it caused. It will then gather their opinions on how well to address the issue. The modern day freshman is a victim of the new and insidious form of bulling that also involves social media. This research will focus on a quantitative study as the basis of the assessment of the prevalence of the problem. It will be informed by the actual opinions of the students based on the constructivist paradigm. The research will adopt a mixed methods approach to analyse the hypothesis that cyber bulling is a controllable concern among high schools in the United Kingdom. The mixed methods approach will allow the study to develop a complete picture of the research question. The triangular design will merge the qualitative and quantitative data as a means to understanding the research question. The embedded design in its part will create the auxiliary role of interpreting the quantitative data. The explanatory design will help in developing relationships and formulating solutions (Creswell, 2008). The students will be selected randomly from high schools across the nation and issued with open ended questionnaires and involved in interviews that will allow the researcher to document observations and also make content analysis. The sample size will be large to offer a more comprehensive result. This approach presents certain ethical limitations such as the relation between the personal opinions and the actual experiences of the students. The possibility of the students affecting their narration of the experiences with their personal opinion puts the research at the danger of being an analysis of opinion rather than experience. The approach requires the researcher to play the role of a moderator to the free flow of information. This, however, runs the risk of a bias by the researcher who may offer cues or leading information which acts to affect the

Low-Carb Dietary Restaurant Business Plan Research Paper

Low-Carb Dietary Restaurant Business Plan - Research Paper Example Low-carb food is scientifically demonstrated to be very healthy and good for fitness for everyone, but especially for overweight people. Our diet program can help the obese people trying to lose weight to lose up to 15 pounds in just 2 weeks with guaranteed results. Our recipes are the combined effort of our very skilled chefs and expert nutritionists. At present we offer 100 low-carb foods at our restaurant and in pre-packaged food at the stores. Our aim is to remove the misconceptions regarding low-carb diet and bring it forward as the mainstream dieting program for the majority to allow them to lose weight in the most efficient and effective way possible. The aim of our president and the owner of Low-Carb Dietary Restaurant, Mr. XYZ, is to provide the best quality and taste food to please our customers and at the same time help them with their diet program. If blessed with success in the first few months, we look forward to expand our operations to other cities and states as well.The purpose of Low-Carb Dietary Restaurant is to help people who are on a diet plan switch to the most effective low carbohydrate diet which is scientifically proven to help lose weight very fast. We look forward to help the ambitious people, whose dieting plan has shown minimal or no effects for them, by offering them a very efficient low-carb diet program at our restaurant. Our overall objective is to satisfy our valuable customers by providing them healthy and most effective dieting plan based on delicious, scrummy and wholesome low-carb recipes. Company Vision Starting with just one branch in the largest city of Ohio State, we look forward to expand our b usiness through a chain of similar restaurants within the country in the next 3 years. For this expansion and growth we aim to work with full dedication and devotion with no compromise on the quality of food we make. Business Goals & Objectives Benefits of low carbohydrate diet have been thoroughly studied in the past years; and our goal is to help our customers live a healthy life by taking advantage of these potential benefits. Goals and Objectives of Low-Carb Dietary Restaurant broadly encompass the following: Produce food products that fall in the category of low-carb diet that restrict carbohydrates to less than 20% of caloric intake. To offer dieting programs with quick weight loss results through low-carb products. Customer should lose up to 10 pounds weight within just two weeks. To offer a variety of recipes and diets to the customers to choose from. Healthy cooking and kitchen environment with compliance to all food regulations. To expand growth and profits by at least 20% in the first 3 years of operations. To enlighten the Columbus citizens and prospective customer about the advantages of low-carb diet. Brief History of the Business Low carbohydrate food restaurants have never been a center of attention for the Columbus city residents. Only a few people are aware of the potential benefits of low-carb diet and how helpful it can be in losing weight and staying healthy forever. People in other states have recently started noticing these advantages and that is why low-carb restaurants are expected to be in fashion very soon including Ohio. Key Company Principles Low-Carb Dietary

Sustainablility practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sustainablility practice - Essay Example nd, that the recent growth in tourist related number is adversely impacting not only the local culture endemic to the land, but is also causing irreparable harm to the environment. As such, sustainable tourism activities, such as the one describe herein, are essential to the future of the country, in addition to the necessity of meeting the current needs of the people and land. The objective of this report is to highlight sustainable tourism operations in Thailand and to illustrate the critical need to further develop this endeavour in order to protect both the land and the environment of this Southeast Asian nation. This objective was primarily accomplished by researching currently literature related to sustainable tourism in Thailand, as well as conducting an in-depth analysis of the Thailand Tourism Authority of Thailand’s website. It was discovered that, while sustainable tourism is on the rise throughout the nation, there is still far too much reliance on international projects, which are creating harm to the land, the people, and the culture. In the future, more focus is needed in terms of developing tourist operations that are directly impacting the people of Thailand, while doing little to no harm to the environment in which they live. Throughout time, tourism has been in a constant state of change, and along with it has come a consistent need to look towards the future. For tourism to be sustainable, and for it to have a positive environmental effect for future generations, companies must look for ways to protect the lands in which they operate. The average tourist today has different expectations that have been evolving over the years. While the tourist industry has struggled at time to keep up with global demand, it has largely performed brilliantly across various sectors (Hamzah & Hampton, 2011). The flip side of this, however, has bough about grave environmental concerns that, left unaddressed, will completely alter the tourist landscape of

Environmental Sustainability Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environmental Sustainability - Research Paper Example In the article â€Å"Information Systems Innovation for Environmental Sustainability†, the author Nigel Melville (2010) discusses the relationship of information systems to environmental sustainability and how the relationship, in turn, affects society. According to the online business dictionary, Information systems (IS) are â€Å"combined hardware, software, infrastructure and trained personnel organized to facilitate planning, control, coordination, and decision making in an organization†, simply an overall information and resource management that make an organization function. In the aforementioned article the innovation in information systems showed direct effect for environmental sustainability wherein it plays a role in contributing change for shaping a better environment, for a better tomorrow. The article tackles about pioneering practices and processes in IS that improve environmental and economic performance. The article also discussed three types of relations included in the analysis provided namely macro-level variables such as social structure affect the psychic states (beliefs, desires, opportunities, etc.) of individuals; psychic states affect individual action and combined individual action affects macro-lev el variables such as the behaviour of the social system. All these belong to the social system construct which refers to both social and natural systems. These levels lead to the usage of Coleman’s model, which has been widely used in the sociological and organizational structures of analysis. This model fits the belief- action- outcome (BAO) framework which, after data gathering and analysis, research results intersecting information systems and environmental sustainability in organizations (Melville, 2010). Protectionism is defined in the online business dictionary as â€Å"government policy aimed at

Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods for Dissertation

Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods for providing near real time traffic information - Dissertation Example TOMTOM Company: Traffic Navigation System: Navigation system holds most significance in the present day lives of people allowing them to obtain information on traffic congestion and road safety, targeted towards reducing the negative effects of traffic problems. Navigation systems are owned particularly to obtain high quality information on traffic routes and in destinations that are unfamiliar for the drivers. Navigation systems provide the owners and drivers with suggestions on which route would be safer and suitable for them to reach to a particular destination (SWOV Fact Sheet – Safety effects of navigation systems 2010). TomTom Company provides its customers with a TomTom navigation device that allows them to obtain traffic updates on the screen of the device. Mobile phones of individuals can be connected with these devices. The company can keep a track of where these people are exactly moving and thus provide them with the accurate traffic updates on the location where t hey are present at a particular time. Other quality traffic information sources are used along with the availability of this device thus making the real time traffic information being available more effectively. ... One of the advantages of the navigation tool is that it provides road safety by allowing owners and drivers with suggestions to choose the most suitable route. This reduces the exposure of the users to dangers. With suitable route being suggested, the travel time also gets reduced. Users have to search less for the suitable routes on their own (SWOV Fact Sheet – Safety effects of navigation systems 2010). HD Traffic real-time traffic information is the basis for the navigation tool offered by TomTom. GPS and GSM systems are the fundamental concepts of the system that allows reliable information on traffic to the users of the navigation tool (White Paper – How TomTom’s HD TrafficTM and IQ RoutesTM data provides the very best routing n.d.). However a disadvantage of the tool is that adjustment of the tool needs to be done by the owners and doing this while driving is a risky task. However the overall mental stress and effort of the users reduce with the use of a na vigation tool. Moreover, traffic problems are reported to users at early stage so that they can avoid congestions and problems related to road traffic on their routes. However during certain times, information provided by these tools might be incorrect, particularly if the road maps on the tools are not updated regularly. Wrong information leads to wrong decision making in terms of choosing any particular route. Another major disadvantage of the tool is its dependency on categorization of roads which makes it difficult to determine which questions on the desirability of road categorization considering the safety on the roads (SWOV Fact Sheet – Safety effects of navigation systems 2010). GOOGLE Company: Google Maps, Traffic Sensors, and Crowdsourcing: Google maps, traffic sensors

International Expansion Of Hudsons Bay Case Study

International Expansion Of Hudsons Bay - Case Study Example Appreciating and respecting these differences in the markets can take a company a long way in its bid to take advantage of new business opportunities as well as the general expansion. For instance, a product design that comes forth as appealing to customers in the U.S. may not necessary charm customers in Africa owing to the differences in culture between the two markets. Failure to assess and understand the differences between markers can be disastrous. This was the case for Wal-Mart after it had to close down over 100 stores in Germany following grand losses brought about by the failure to understand the difference between the shopping habits in Germany and the U.S., its location. It is against this backdrop that it emerges as a matter of indispensability to analyze the decision of Hudsons Bay, based in Toronto, Canada, to acquire Galeria Kaufhof, based in Cologne, Germany, as a move to penetrate the Germany and Belgium market (Mahadevan, 2015). In this discussion, the factors that Bay ought to take into consideration in developing a future strategy for the newly acquired division will be delineated as well as a discourse of whether expanding to the Canadian and the U.S. markets is heady and the differences between the Canadian, German, and the Belgian markets. Hudson’s Bay needs to consider a set of factors in developing future strategies for the novel division Kaufhof. To begin with, the cultural differences between Canada and Germany and Belgium are very critical. Bay relished a degree of success back home in Canada as well as the U.S. owing to the fact that these two nations share quite a great deal in terms of culture. However, the culture of Germany and Belgium varies widely with that of Canada and the U.S. Culture influences the buying behaviors of consumers and, therefore, Bay ought to respect the local culture of Germany and Belgium.

Dynamics of multinational enterprises (Economics) Essay - 1

Dynamics of multinational enterprises (Economics) - Essay Example China tends to favor FDI through JV route because this gives them the opportunity to boost domestic industries, post high GDP numbers and maintain a perfect competition in the economy. China as an economy has always welcomed Foreign Investments but through Joint Ventures. The report will discuss the rationale behind such policy of China and how the country has benefited with this policy along with providing market advantage to incoming companies. In the recent past FISC approach have been prevent in entering new markets and company like Kotak has used this to a full effect. The report will also analyze benefits of using the FISC approach to market entry for China and Overseas. China has favoured FDI through joint venture route because they wanted all the industries and strategies to be tightly regulated under government supervision. This can only be done if strategies are local in nature and are made by local people. These local companies have been strongly ruled and regulated by Chinese Government. The republic of China Government doesn’t want to lose this control and want it to be tightly regulated (Berger & Udell, 2002). This analysis suggests that exports level from China towards America have risen again. This is resulting in huge balance of trade payment situation towards China. With this balance of payment situation the Chinese reminibi should appreciate against US dollars. But china follow a fixed currency regime, this is done to keep Chinese export competitive. With revaluation of Chinese currency the trade deficit will not narrow US trade deficit against China. The levels would be similar but it would make Chinese exports less competitive and hence will have an indirect impact on US trade deficit (Berger & Udell, 2002). The exports that Chinese make towards are funded indirectly by Chinese government. This is done by investing in Government of USA Securities by Chinese Govt. Hence

MOD 3 CA ACC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MOD 3 CA ACC - Essay Example The Chief Financial Officer of the company, Lester Ledger, feels that the product lacks the aesthetic appeal and suggests repackaging them in designer bottles. This will increase the variable cost per unit by $ 4.75 and the fixed production costs will increase by $ 40,000 per year. He predicts that the sales volume will increase by 32 % (264,000 units). However, the increase in sales does not outdo the increased costs and the company will incur a loss of $ 1.334 million (as shown in Appendix 2). According to the Production Manager, Buster Bumble, the reduction in the standard size of the bottle by 10 % would drop the variable costs by $ 2.65 (amounts to $ 13.35 per unit). However, due to the reduced size, the sales will drop to $ 195,500 units. Though the contribution margin is considerably increased, the company still incurs a loss of $ 549,425 (as shown in Appendix 3). The marketing manager suggests that the product requires more promotion and an increase of marketing budget by $ 527,000 will be appropriate. This, combined with a price increase by $4.90 per unit will increase the sales volume by 17 % (234,000 units). The contribution margin is considerably increased as both the sales volume and the unit prices are higher than before. The increase in the contribution margin is significantly higher than that of the fixed costs and hence results in a profit of $ 129,600 (Appendix 4). It is evident from the above analysis that the first three proposals still result in a heavy loss for The Lovely Scent Perfume Company. The proposal made by the marketing manager indicates an estimated profit of $ 129,600. Hence it is recommended that the company should increase the marketing budget (by $ 527,000) and also increase the price by $ 4.90 per

Culture and Hipster Central Dogma Essay Example for Free

Culture and Hipster Central Dogma Essay Hipster is a subculture of young (15 25), urban middle class adults and older teenagers that appeared in the 1990s.The subculture is associated with non-mainstream lifestyle. They value independent thinking, progressive politics, creativity, intelligence and non-mainstream fashion sensibility. Most of them can be found living in the big cities like New York, Chicago, and San Francisco. Also hipsterism is often intertwined with distinct fashion sensibilities .Hipsters reject the culturally-ignorant attitudes of mainstream consumers, and are often be seen wearing vintage, tight jeans, old-school sneakers, and often thick rimmed glasses. Men and women hipsters have similar androgynous hair styles that include combinations of dirty shag cuts and asymmetric side-swept bangs. Such styles are the work of creative stylists at urban salons, and are usually not mainstream. Despite the misconception made ​​on the external image, hipsters tend to be well educated in sciences, which require certain creative analytical thinking abilities. This leads to the fact that they find themselves in creative works, such as music, art, and fashion industries. It is a myth that most hipsters are unemployed and live off of their parents trust funds. Hipsters shun mainstream, It is part of the hipster central dogma not to be influenced by mainstream advertising and media. This is tends to only promote ethnocentric ideals of beauty, the concepts of androgyny and feminism have influenced hipster culture, where hipster men are often as thin as the women they date. Women view the muscular, athletic and other male ideals as symbols of their oppression, sexism, and misogyny. Likewise, culturally-vapid sorority-type girls with fake blond hair, overly tanned skin, and Britney Spears tube-tops are not seen as attractive by cultured hipster males who instead see them as symbols of female insecurity, low self-esteem, and lack of cultural intelligence and independent thinking. Likewise, girls with fake blond hair and overly tanned skin are not seen as attractive by cultured hipster males who instead see them as symbols of female insecurity, low self-esteem, and lack of cultural intelligence and independent thinking. There are many interracial couples in hipster subculture because they are very racially open-minded. Although hipsters are conformists within their own subculture, in comparison to the much larger mainstream mass they are pioneers latest cultural trends and ideals. For example many bands have become successful and known to mainstream audiences only because hipsters first found and listened to them as early-adopters of new culture. Once certain concepts of fashion and music have reached mainstream audiences, hipsters move on to something new and improved. Once something from fashion and music have reached mainstream audiences, hipsters move on to something new. Because of the rise of various online photo-blog and social networking sites, insights into urban hipster culture is reaching sheltered suburban audiences at an exponential rate. Cultural norms have been deconstructed by hipster culture as a whole.

Battle Of Sources: Newspaper Vs Internet

Battle Of Sources: Newspaper Vs Internet For years, it started the day for millions: the thump of the newspaper hitting the door, or the window, or the neighbors dog. Along with a cup of coffee, maybe breakfast, the arrival of the morning paper meant the beginning of the daily grind. Fast-forward to present day. The evening paper, long extinct in cities with larger circulations, is still alive in smaller towns that have no morning edition. The argument is, with the internet so available to the masses, and, for the most part, providing free news, what is the future of the newspaper? Can it continue under these circumstances, or is it doomed to extinction? The first know form of distributed written information began approximately five centuries ago in Europe. Merchants distributed newsletters written by hand containing information regarding the weather, economic conditions, wars and human-interest stories. In the late fifteenth century, brochures and pamphlets was distributed among the people, the material containing highly sensationalized stories and the current news events. (Newspaper: The History) In the early 1800s the development of continuous rolls of paper enhanced the original Gutenberg Press. This added efficiency of printing made the prices of printed goods more reasonable hence the term penny press. This phrase originated when newspaperman Benjamin Day dropped the price of his New York Sun to a penny a copy in 1833. Historians have accredited the penny press as the first true mass medium. (The Early History of Newspaper Publishing in New York State ) The internet was originally built for the U.S. military to allow a community of computers to share information over distance. Its generally accepted that the goal of the internet in its later development was as much for research purposes as for military applications. (Internet Society (ISOC) All About The Internet: History of the Internet) On October 29, 1969, at 10:30 p.m., UCLA engineering professor Leonard Kleinrock and student Charley Kline attempted to send a message from one Honeywell computer to another computer unit 600 kilometers away at Stanford Research Institute in Palo Alto. The connection speed was 50 kb/s. (Internet Society (ISOC) All About The Internet: History of the Internet) The first message was supposed to be the word login, but the system crashed as they typed in the letter g. The first message, then, was lo. The researchers were able to complete the message one hour later. And so the ARPANET, the original name of the internet, was born. The term internet was not created until 1982. Rupert Murdoch CEO of The News Corporation into one of the largest and most influential media groups in the world described the revenue from his stable of newspapers as rivers of gold. But, said Murdoch several years later, sometimes rivers dry up. He also added if cable and satellite broadcasting, as well as the internet, had come along first, newspapers as we know them probably would never have existed. (Plunkett) The increasing use of the internets search function, through search engines such as Google, has also changed the habits of readers. Instead of looking for general news events, much like how newspapers present the news, readers are seeking particular writers, blogs or sources of information for specific news, making the agglomeration of newspapers irrelevant. Power is shifting to the individual journalist from the news outlet with more people seeking out names through search, e-mail, blogs and social media, the industry publication Editor HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Editor__PublisherHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Editor__Publisher Publisher noted in summarizing a recent study from the Project for Excellence in Journalism foundation. (Internet Overtakes Newspapers As News Outlet) In early days, the ability to distribute information was sorely restricted to big company with printing presses or broadcast mechanisms. With the internet, thousands of people are able to communicate directly with others through blogs or instant message services. But the search engine experience has left some newspaper proprietors cold. The aggregators and plagiarists will soon have to pay a price for the co-opting of our content, Rupert Murdoch told the World Media Summit in Beijing, China. If we do not take advantage of the current movement toward paid content, it will be the content creators the people in this hall who will pay the ultimate price and the content kleptomaniacs who triumph. (Internet Overtakes Newspapers As News Outlet) Critics of the newspaper as a news source argue that todays newspapers may be visually different from their predecessors a century ago, but they have made little change to adapt to social changes. The technology revolution has meant that readers accustomed to waiting for a daily newspaper can now receive up-to-the-minute updates from web portals, bloggers and new services such as Twitter. The expanding reach of broadband internet access means such updates have become the standard for many users. (Kamiya) The fall of the newspaper industry is not global. In some countries, such as India, the newspaper is still more popular than internet and broadcast media. Even where the industry is failing, in North America and Europe, there have been recent success stories, such as the rise of free newspapers, like papers targeted towards the Hispanic market, local weekly shoppers. But these new ways of making profit, such as that from newspapers web sites, are often a fraction of the revenue generated by the previous advertisement- and circulation-driven revenue streams, and so newspapers have been forced to cut their expenses while simultaneously trying to reach new users. With revenues plummeting, many newspapers have forced to lay off employees, slashed news bureaus and journalists, while still trying to publish compelling content. (Kamiya)

Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California

Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California An ethical dilemma alludes to the mental conflict that emerges from differing moral goals. Confidentiality and the safeguarding all private information is essential in healthcare especially about the treatment of mental illness. Because of the privatization of mental health treatment coupled with the closing of many state institutions, emergency department doctors and nurses are often faced with patients who are a danger to themselves, family members.   A breach in privacy can negate the trust between the provider and the patient and lead to negative outcomes and legal issues however, concern for public safety must also be considered. The duty to warn others of the potential commitment of violent acts came to the forefront of healthcare in 1974(amended in 1976) in the case of Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California (Henderson, 2015). Details of the case Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California, was a landmark case that dealt with the duty of mental health providers to notify those individuals who are threatened with harm. The Supreme Court in California heard The Tarasoff cased, which dealt with a complex area of tort law regarding duty owed of a medical provider to an individual to whom a threat of harm has been made. In 1969, while attending the University of California, Berkeley as an exchange student, Prosenjit Poddar met Tatiana Tarasoff.  Ã‚   After the demise of the relationship, Poddar became increasingly despondent and obsessed with Tarasoff. During this time, Poddar began outpatient treatment and was subsequently diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia by a psychologist at Berkley, Dr. Lawrence Moore. It was during one of the treatment sessions, Poddar that discussed his intention to harm an unidentified female. Although the intended victim was not named directly, Tarasoff was easily identified.   Dr. Moore, concerned for the safety of Tarasoff, requested to have Poddar detained by campus police. Dr. Moore then requested to have Poddar involuntarily committed, believing that he was suffering from an acute episode of paranoid schizophrenia. Poddar was detained by campus security but was released after a brief interview during which time he answered questions rationally. Poddar was warned to stay away from Tarasoff with no further action taken. After the release, Dr. Harvey Powelson, medical ordered the destruction of all notes taken by Dr. Moore as well as the returns of all letters from the police.   Tarasoff nor her parents were not notified of the threat. On October 27, 1969 Poddar viciously attacked Tarasoff, causing her death. Tarasoffs parents filed a lawsuit against Dr. Moore and employees at the University alleging that Poddar had confided his intention to kill Tarasoff, Additionally Dr.   Moore nor his associates failed to warn the Tarasoff family of the imminent threat against Tatiana. At trial, Poddar was convicted of second-degree murder.   The wide-ranging implications of the case focus on the health care provider-patient relationship. Because of this landmark case, health care providers have the duty to protect potential victims from harm caused by the patients under their care. As of 2014, thirty-three states have instituted a duty to warn law (Henderson, 2015). Defendants Argument Dr. Moore argues mental health providers cannot with certainty predict the likelihood that a patient with act on threats of violence. Dr. Moore and the medical team further state that a breach in confidentiality will have detrimental effects on treatment. Further, the act of warning by revelation of confidential information would constitute a breach of trust. Plaintiffs Argument Tarasoffs parents argued that Dr. Moore violated the professional standards by neither warning them of a patient considered to be dangerous, nor detaining a patient considered to be dangerous. The defendants also asserted that Dr. Moore and others abandoned a patient deemed dangerous by ordering the destruction of all therapeutic notes. The plaintiffs further argued that Dr. Moore failed to provide adequate follow up care with Poddar to ensure he was not a danger to himself nor the public. Summary of the ruling The ruling by the Supreme Courts required a balance between the need to protect privileged medical communication between a mental health provider and the patient to protect against potential threats.   The special relationship in this case is the one that is established between a patient and his mental health provider. Such a relationship may increase obligations of protection. A duty of care may arise from the establishment of a special relationship between the health care provider and patient which imposes a duty upon the clinician   to control the patients conduct, or a special relation between the provider and the other individual, which gives to the other a right of protection (Bersoff, 2014).   This relationship was crucial to the ruling regarding the circumstances of the Tarasoff case. When a health care provider has direct or indirect knowledge of information that a reasonable individual may determine that a patient may harm himself or others, this provider must exercis e reasonable and prudent judgement to prevent harm. The court in California ruled that mental health professionals have an obligation to both the patient and individuals who are threatened by a patient. Justice Mathew Tobriner ruled that protective privilege ends about public safety and further states that mental health providers should notify the authorities as they are charged with public safety. Lastly, about the liability of the officers who failed to detain Poddar, the court held that a public employee cannot be found liable for an injury resulting from a discretionary decision. Therefore, the police officers involved were granted immunity from prosecution. Summary argument The plaintiffs in this case presented the best legal argument. For example, the psychiatrist is found to violate the professional standards. Dr. Moore was to be held liable for the failing to protect and warn. Regardless of whether the plaintiffs interests are qualified for legitimate protection from the defendant under the law is relative to the establishment of a duty to care. Obligation of care is the aggregate of foreseeability, degree of certainty of harm to the individual, establishment of a special relationship. Once a health care provider, in this case psychotherapist, determines that a patient represents a genuine peril, he bears a lawful obligation to his patient, as well as to his patients intended victim. The pros and cons of the argument on each side By notifying the police, the provider tried to detain the defendant and protect the public after he became aware of an acute episode of paranoid schizophrenia. He did not warn nor protect the intended victim which eventually led to her death. Thus, the ruling was made in favor of the plaintiffs, the parents of Tatiana Tarasoff.   Despite the defendants argument that the more public good would be accomplished through the support of mental health treatment and complete protection of confidentiality of patients undergoing treatment. References Bersoff, D. N. (2014). Protecting victims of violent patients while protecting confidentiality. American Psychologist, 69(5), 461-467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0037198 Henderson, E. (2014).   Potentially dangerous patients: A review of the duty to warn.   Journal of emergency nursing, 41(3), 193-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2014.08.012 Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California. (2009). Scocal.stanford.edu. Retrieved 11 February 2017, from http://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/tarasoff-v-regents-university-california-30278

BMG Entertainment Essay -- Business Case Studies Essays Papers

BMG Entertainment The Internet, by making free and non-free online distribution of music, has profoundly affected how business is conducted in the record industry in terms of distribution channels, copyright and the economic structure of the major players in the global market. Initially, the Internet was viewed as an opportunity by some of the major players as a new channel of promotion. However, after the existence of Napster and few others, the majority considered it as threat because of the increase in the free file sharing. Consequently, for the Internet to be an opportunity for the major players, they had to adopt new business model in terms of distribution for online customers while keeping their conventional distribution channels. Early response to this threat was searching for technological solution in order to prevent piracy, going to court to sue for copyright infringement, the five major players and others offered their own authorized online distribution joint venture, all in attempt to kee p their power in the market. By fall 2000, there were 80 million users for Napster, and according to survey that was conducted on Napster users, there was an increase of 9% in music fans spending, among more experienced users there was an increase of 20% in their music spending, in addition to an increase of 19% among those using high speed connection. Napster and other free file sharing had caused the record sales to suffer. However, the file sharing services altered the conventional way of lessening to music for consumers. In 2001, 50% of U.S. households owned PCs; consumers spent $1.6 billion on CD burner, blank CDs and digital-audio players. 54% of PCs sales came with CD burners. More than 26% of online music users were ... ...threats that the major companies are facing. The five major companies have to use all of their albums in the new giant venture, and in this way competing by others would be very hard. Consumers would use this channel because it has more than 85% of the albums in the market. Through online promotions, the new venture would gather information on new prospective buyers for new albums. Therefore, all the major companies can make their marketing strategies more efficient. By following the third alternative, BMG would reduce the risk that is associated with the next move. BMG would be heading in the same direction of the industry as well as focusing on its core competence. Because of the uncertainty of how the new business model would look like, there would be new business model for the whole industry. This alternative is the lowest risk in terms of financial cost.

Comparing and Contrasting the Novel, Heart of Darkness :: comparison compare contrast essays

Comparisons and Contrasts in Heart of Darkness Comparisons and contrasts are important devices which an author may use to help convey his thoughts and feelings about a situation or an event. Joseph Conrad makes use of these devices in his novel Heart of Darkness. Throughout the novel when he was trying to convey a deeper meaning about a situation or a place, he would us a comparison or contrast. The comparative and contrasting themes in the story help to develop Conrad's ideas and feelings in the Heart of Darkness. Light verses dark, the Thames verses the Congo, the Savages compared to the civilized people, and the darkness of both worlds are all contrasts and comparisons that are important to the meaning as well as the understanding of this novel. The most obvious contrast found in Heart of Darkness is between that of light and dark. In the beginning of the novel when the sun set upon London, the city began to light up yet the narrator describes the light as a "lurid glare under the stars" (Conrad 6). The lights from the city illuminated the Thames River. Because London is described as being light, the light then symbolizes civilization, or at least Conrad's view of civilization. Conrad's view of civilization is one of great despise. Civilization is a place where evil is ever present but ignored and people believe they know everything. The light is the knowledge that we have gained through exploration and the civilizing of places that have not yet been civilized. In contrast there is the darkness. Represented in the novel by Africa and the Congo River, the darkness is the evil that lurks in the unknown. The darkness is full of savages and cannibals. It is the uncivilized and uninhabited part of the world where peop le eat people and the savages lurk in the trees and in the darkness. Africa is the "heart of darkness," the place where man's inner evil is brought out in the open and is displayed through their thoughts and actions, such as those on Marlow's boat, letting the bullets fly into the jungle without reason or need. The contrast between light and dark is very important when attempting to understand Conrad's thoughts and ideas about civilization and what it really is. Comparing and Contrasting the Novel, Heart of Darkness :: comparison compare contrast essays Comparisons and Contrasts in Heart of Darkness Comparisons and contrasts are important devices which an author may use to help convey his thoughts and feelings about a situation or an event. Joseph Conrad makes use of these devices in his novel Heart of Darkness. Throughout the novel when he was trying to convey a deeper meaning about a situation or a place, he would us a comparison or contrast. The comparative and contrasting themes in the story help to develop Conrad's ideas and feelings in the Heart of Darkness. Light verses dark, the Thames verses the Congo, the Savages compared to the civilized people, and the darkness of both worlds are all contrasts and comparisons that are important to the meaning as well as the understanding of this novel. The most obvious contrast found in Heart of Darkness is between that of light and dark. In the beginning of the novel when the sun set upon London, the city began to light up yet the narrator describes the light as a "lurid glare under the stars" (Conrad 6). The lights from the city illuminated the Thames River. Because London is described as being light, the light then symbolizes civilization, or at least Conrad's view of civilization. Conrad's view of civilization is one of great despise. Civilization is a place where evil is ever present but ignored and people believe they know everything. The light is the knowledge that we have gained through exploration and the civilizing of places that have not yet been civilized. In contrast there is the darkness. Represented in the novel by Africa and the Congo River, the darkness is the evil that lurks in the unknown. The darkness is full of savages and cannibals. It is the uncivilized and uninhabited part of the world where peop le eat people and the savages lurk in the trees and in the darkness. Africa is the "heart of darkness," the place where man's inner evil is brought out in the open and is displayed through their thoughts and actions, such as those on Marlow's boat, letting the bullets fly into the jungle without reason or need. The contrast between light and dark is very important when attempting to understand Conrad's thoughts and ideas about civilization and what it really is.

Affirmative Action Essay -- Politics, Public Policy

According to Newman, affirmative action is a â€Å"program designed to seek out members of minority groups for positions from which they had previously been excluded, thereby seeking to overcome some institutional racism† (Newman, 536). Affirmative action made its debut with a piece of legislature passed by President Lyndon Johnson in 1964 and continues to this day. However, the concept of affirmative action is a controversial issue that continues to be hotly debated. Affirmative action policies are passionately debated by everyone from educators and politicians to ordinary citizens, all who hold differing opinions on both the necessity and validity of the policies. There is no doubt affirmative action is an emotional topic and deals with the sensitive subjective of race, therefore people’s reactions to it are going to be strongly influenced by their own race and person experiences. One group who may support affirmative action are educators. Especially, those who work with poorer minority students and see the obstacles they have to overcome in order to finally get ahead and attend college, unlike their parents. To these educators affirmative action may be seen as a sign of hope for bright, determined minorities. Politicians too may support affirmative action if it is in their political interest to do so. If a politician is running for office in an area with a large minority population that is not well off they would likely support affirmati ve action to gain the votes of the citizens. However, if a politician represented an area that is for the most part racist and unwilling to give opportunities to minorities, politicians will probably reject the idea of affirmative action. In the case of politicians it seems likely their decisions wo... ...uch as â€Å"socioeconomic status, first-generation college status, geographic residency,† or the hardships students have overcome (â€Å"UD.gov†). These factors while not race based would likely ensure a fair amount of minorities were represented. Until institutions and organizations in the United States can choose applicants without bias and minorities have overcome the socioeconomic disadvantages they face, it will be necessary to maintain some form of forced equality, which is what affirmative action provides. Works Cited "GUIDANCE ON THE VOLUNTARY USE OF RACE TO ACHIEVE DIVERSITY IN POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION." UD.gov. U.S. Department of Education, 02 Dec 2011. Web. . Newman, David M. Sociology: Exploring the Architecture of Everyday Life. 8 ed. Los Angeles: Pine Forge Press, 2010. Print.

A Vision of Teaching Profession in 2025

TITLE: A VISION OF TEACHING PROFESSION IN 2025 Priyanka Joshi Junior Research Fellow (J. R. F) Dept. of Education Panjab University, Chandigarh ABSTRACT KEYWORDS: Professionals, Modalities, continuous, latest trends, technology, mentors, rethink, updating, knowledge, knowledge explosion.We Lead, Care, Inspire For the future of the Nation passes through our hands as Teachers Technological changes in the era of modernization have significantly affected the role of teachers’ as professionals. As the future of education, rest on the competencies, professional growth and abilities of teachers as professionals so, it cannot be ignored. Related article: HR Map ExplainedAccording to Caroll and Resta (2010) teachers of today and tomorrow must be ready to facilitate learning in multiple modalities embracing; greater diversity of space, time, resources, media and methods for learning as well as the new 21st century environments which are synchronous and asynchronous, face to face and virtual. Further, Garoia(2012) referred that the present century has visioned so much of expectations from education which are so high that the teachers of today and tomorrow have to continuously rethink about their professional development.She further highlighted that this professional development is ought to be continuous in process because of; knowledge explosion and latest trends associated to methodology, technology, social and teacher networking. All these demands and requirements have posed a demand on teachers to assess, update, renew and modify themselves as mentors than teachers. The present paper will highlight; a) The teacher of today b) Changing role of the teacher in the present scenario c) Lifelong learning as renewal and updating of knowledge d) In-service growth and teachers †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Followed by conclusion and suggestions. * The Teacher of TodayThe teacher of today symbolizes himself to be professional in true sense because of the emerging concepts of criteria of appointments in schools colleges and universities. No more, the present century holds teaching as a profession by ‘chance’ but teaching as a ‘choice’. This scenario has placed an emphasis on the teachers to develop their potential, capacities in a way that no more they are called as a ‘simple’ but ‘effective’ in performance by performing a quite range of functions such as ; classroom management, teaching and learning strategies and how to implement them successfully with professional ethics, student learning and so on.These views were strengthened by Travers & Reborc (2 008) who professed that teacher professionalism extends beyond one’s ability to understand content. Here, the educator must discover if the students are being reached in an effective way. This calls for a profession which involves a lifelong career commitment and service to society. Teaching as a profession, no doubt is characterized by intellectual pursuits within a code of ethics and is highlighted by the making of independent professional judgements. But going by the present scenario, our country witness mass bunking from the classes, cheating, private tuitions and so on.To avoid this, this means that the teacher of today needs much more than just a mere subject expert. Further, through extensive training and professional development, they will incorporate in themselves lot of life skills which will not only enhance their performance but quality wise they will help them to grow to greater heights. * Changing Role of the Teacher in the Present Scenario The present scenario is characterized by the changing needs of the teacher which has pressurized him to change, reform and update according to the new teaching strategies, classroom practices and knowledge explosion.Let us have a look at the review how the role of the teachers has gradually changed:- * Koppic and Knapp (1998) highlighted that teacher can develop themselves with respect to practice if they focus on six dimensions narrated as; knowledge, professionalism, instruction, collaboration, agency and authority. He further added by saying that teachers to grow must make initiatives to make sense of new policies, ideas, programs and their own work. * According to Cohen & Ball (1999) review of the federally funded research suggest that the teacher must be a researcher, educator and reformer.The research further highlighted that now is the time that he must understand when curriculum, instructional materials and assessments so that he can focus on the goal and prospects of educational improvement to be enhanced. * Thomson & Zeuli (1999) advocated that if teachers want to see that their students work they must enable themselves to change so that they can make distinctive changes in teaching practice and student learning. They further concluded that the most effective teacher learning is to focus on instruction-as- interaction, rather than on isolated elements of instruction. Lieberman & Miller (2000) described the new professional teacher as researchers, meaning-makers, scholars, and inventors. Also they further stated that teachers establish a firm professional identity through which they act as the role model by updating themselves through the lifelong learning . * Lifelong learning as renewal and updating of knowledge Professional development is a normal part of school culture. Professional development is required in order to maintain certification.School corporations mandate that teachers participate in staff development opportunities offered by the school district throughou t the year. Teachers may also be expected to draft growth plans to give direction to their ongoing learning. Salary schedules also encourage teacher learning by offering higher salaries to individuals with more training, degrees or credits. Occasionally teachers are permitted to attend workshops and conferences outside the school system. Teachers are expected to grow as professionals and need to learn while they are teaching if students are to receive an optimal education.While schools do allocate limited funds and release time to professional development, a view of teachers as life-long learners is a perspective that is missing in most schools given the limited cope, quantity, and quality of professional development available to teachers. It is not uncommon to hear the phrases â€Å"life-long learning† or â€Å"life-long learner. †These terms adorn school mission and goal statements. Few people would malign the importance of developing life-long learners, but fewer su ggest ways in which such an ideal may be accomplished. Such a goal need not remain illusory.It is crucial that schools and communities recognize the importance of developing teachers as life-long learners. It seems foolish to hope to engender life-long learning skills and attitudes in children without paying attention to those same skills and attitudes in developing the teachers of those children. And if a teacher will remain a lifelong learner it would be facilitate him/her to cater to the upcoming problems in the realm to teaching learning process and the demands of the upcoming generation. * In-service Growth and Teacher As professionals we still have a long way to go.Even now in in-service teacher education is seldom conceptualized in practice as the continuation of pre service preparation. Too frequently in service practices are characterized by an aggregate of incidental activities, sporadic in occurrence, lacking in productive purpose, unorganized in structure and unsynchroni zed within the framework of a school district’s total operation. Perhaps a staff does grow or improve through such activities; however, the evidence seems to indicate that the bird of chance wings high on the winds of such uncertainty.Programs or practices of in service teacher education which appear to be producing results of a promising and lasting character are those in which conscious effort is made to reduce the element of chance in the development of staff. At the practical as well as the therotical level, positive and directional growth is enhanced through a program of inservice teacher education which develops activities planned most carefully in terms of directional purposes, organizational structure, and operational processes which are synchronized and complementary. ConclusionKnowledge is no longer considered a commodity which only a subject expertise can provide. In the present scenario knowledge is something which individuals constructs and create from their own experience with the materials, ideas & texts they have. Teachers of today and of preparation (pre-service teachers) have to construct themselves, reform themselves according to the teachers they actually have and develop themselves professionally according to the new and emerging ideas of the knowledge, learning and instruction in their own learning situations in their classrooms.This give a call to teachers to work and learn in a way in which they can compete efficiently, confidently and critically so that he can become efficient in true terms and targeted as a priority. Suggestions * To promote professional values and attitudes such as reflective practice, autonomous learning and collaboration. * To improve Practical teaching competencies. * To consider teaching as a profession and promote teaching as an attractive career; * to keep a balance between theory and practice; All beginning teachers, during their first years in the profession receive professional and personal support (à ¢â‚¬Ëœinduction’); * To engage themselves in regular reviews of their training needs and effective continuing professional development. * To develop and improve themselves as leaders for learning. This means that the role of the teacher in the year 2020 demands him to update and rehearse himself in a seamless continuum so that he has a assured quality. REFERENCES Ball, D. L. & Cohen, D. K. (1999). Developing practice, developing practitioners: Toward a practice-based theory of professional education.Caroll, T. , & Resta, P. (2010). Redefining teacher education for digital-age learners. Summit report from the Invitational Summit on Redefining Teacher Education for Digital-Age Learners. Retrieved from: http://redefineteachered. org/sites/default/files/SummitReport. pdf? q=summitreport Garoia,Valentina. (2012) . A closer look at the future of teachers' profession in 2025. Retrieved from http://insight. eun. org/ww/en/pub/insight/thematic_dossiers/articles/learning_networks/2025. html. Lieberman, A. , ; Miller, L. (2000). Teaching and teacher development: A new synthesis for a new century. In R. S. Brandt

Digital Fortress Chapter 35

Becker stargond in blast at Rocio. You sold the ring?The cleaning woman no.ded, her silky red hair falling around her shoulders.Becker willed it non to be true. Pero unlessShe shrugged and said in Spanish, A little female childfriend near the park.Becker felt his legs go weak. This cant beRocio smiled coyly and moti 1d to the German. El queria que lo guardara. He treasured to keep it, scarce I told him no. Ive got Gitana stock in me, Gypsy blood we Gitanas, in addition to having red hair, are very superstitious. A ring stretch forthed by a dying man is non a good sign.Did you know the girl? Becker interrogated.Rocio arched her eyebrows. Vaya. You really want this ring, dont you?Becker nodded sternly. Who did you swap it to?The enormous German sat fuddle on the bed. His romantic evening was be ruined, and he apparently had no judgment why. Was passiert? he asked nervously. Whats happening?Becker ignored him.I didnt actually sell it, Rocio said. I seek to, but she w as reasonable a shaver and had no money. I ended up giving it to her. Had I known close your generous sullener, I would have saved it for you.Why did you leave the park? Becker demanded. somebody had betterd. Why didnt you wait for the police? And introduce them the ring?I solicit numerous things, Mr. Becker, but trouble is not one of them. Be statuss, that old man seemed to have things beneath control.The Canadian?Yes, he called the ambulance. We decided to leave. I saw no reason to see my date or myself with the police.Becker nodded absently. He was quieten trying to accept this cruel turn away of fate. She gave the damn thing awayI tried to help the dying man, Rocio explained. notwithstanding he didnt seem to want it. He started with the ring- unbroken pushing it in our faces. He had these trine crippled fingers sticking up. He kept pushing his hand at us-like we were supposititious to take the ring. I didnt want to, but my friend here finally did. so the guy died .And you tried m discloseh-to-mouth resuscitation? Becker guessed. no. We didnt touch him. My friend got scared. Hes braggy, but hes a wimp. She smiled seductively at Becker. Dont worry-he cant speak a word of Spanish.Becker frowned. He was wondering over again about the bruises on Tankados chest. Did the paramedics give CPR?I have no idea. As I told you, we left before they arrived.You concoct after you stole the ring. Becker scowled.Rocio glared at him. We did not steal the ring. The man was dying. His intentions were clear. We gave him his last wish.Becker softened. Rocio was veracious he probably would have make the same damn thing. still and so you gave the ring to some girl?I told you. The ring made me nervous. The girl had rafts of jewelry on. I legal opinion she top executive like it.And she didnt conceive it was strange? That youd however give her a ring? none I told her I found it in the park. I thought she might asideer to pay me for it, but she didnt. I did nt care. I just wanted to get dislodge of it.When did you give it to her?Rocio shrugged. This afternoon. About an hour after I got it. Becker checked his watch 1148 p.m. The trail was eight hours old. What the nether sphere am I doing here? Im alleged(a) to be in the Smokys. He sighed and asked the alone question he could think of. What did the girl look like?Era un punki, Rocio replied.Becker looked up, puzzled. Un punki?Si. Punki.A punk?Yes, a punk, she said in rough English, and whence immediately switched okay to Spanish. Mucha joyeria. Lots of jewelry. A weird subject in one ear. A skull, I think. in that respect are punk bikers in Seville?Rocio smiled. Todo bajo el sol. Everything under the sun. It was the guide word of Sevilles Tourism Bureau.Did she give you her name? noDid she say where she was going?No. Her Spanish was poor.She wasnt Spanish? Becker asked.No. She was English, I think. She had unwarrantable hair-red, white, and lively.Becker winced at the bizarre image. Maybe she was American, he offered.I dont think so, Rocio said. She was wearing a T-shirt that looked like the British flag.Becker nodded dumbly. Okay. Red, white, and blue hair, a British flag T-shirt, a skull pendant in her ear. What else?Nothing. Just your median(a) punk.Average punk? Becker was from a world of collegiate sweatshirts and conservative haircuts-he couldnt even impression what the woman was talking about. Can you think of anything else at all? he pressed.Rocio thought a moment. No. Thats it.Just thusly the bed creaked loudly. Rocios client shifted his weight uncomfortably. Becker move to him and spoke influent German. Noch et was? Anything else? Anything to help me notice the punk rocker with the ring?There was a long silence. It was as if the jumbo man had something he wanted to say, but he wasnt sure how to say it. His depress lip quivered momentarily, there was a pause, and then he spoke. The four words that came out were definitely English, but the y were barely distinct beneath his thick German accent. Fock off und die.Becker gaped in shock. I beg your justify?Fock off und die, the man repeated, patting his left care against his fleshy right forearm-a crude contiguity of the Italian gesture for fuck you.Becker was alike drained to be offended. Fuck off and die? What happened to Das Wimp? He turned back to Rocio and spoke in Spanish. Sounds like Ive overstayed my welcome.Dont worry about him. She laughed. Hes just a little frustrated. Hell get whats coming to him. She tossed her hair and winked.Is there anything else? Becker asked. Anything you can branch me that might help?Rocio shook her head. Thats all. But youll never find her. Seville is a big city-it can be very deceptive.Ill do the best I can. Its a outlet of national securityIf you have no luck, Rocio said, eyeing the bulging envelope in Beckers pocket, revel stop back. My friend will be sleeping, no doubt. Knock quietly. Ill find us an extra room. Youll see a side of Spain youll never forget. She pouted lusciously.Becker forced a well-bred smile. I should be going. He apologized to the German for interrupting his evening.The giant smiled timidly. Keine Ursache.Becker headed out the door. No bother? Whatever happened to Fuck off and die?

Our hearts fell to the ground Essay

Some authorities would like you to set apply your palms up.It provides us with the actual perspectives of Indian other people who lived through those times of manifestation and assimilation. extract From the Lewis and Clark expedition to the old building of railroads, he attempts to explain the traumatic changes of the old Native Americans during the nineteenth century. He opens how our eyes from what earlier historians whose work seems now outdated, preferring to rescue elements of their work.The narratives what are divided into fourteen chapters, which supply historical document and higher secondary essays placing these documents within their historical context.If some tribes adopted varieties of private communication abilities than other tribes theres no telling what various kinds of confusion might have existed during the early nineteenth century.Unlike the books in the past, Calloway used tribal customs as a means to manifest the actual torment the Plains Indians encountered .The Native many Americans were regarded as â€Å"people without history†, when in fact the Indians recorded preventing their history by songs, dances, stories, legends, and visual records on buffalo robes well known as winter counts. Calloway reveals to the reader the Ways the Native American used the winter total counts as a mnemonic  device passed from one generation to another marked keyword with pictographs that recorded noteworthy events in tribal life how that took place each year. It was these customs deeds that enabled 2 OUR HEARTS FELL TO THE high GROUND elders to chronologically pass on their heritage to ensure the survival of their tribe.

The Duke how was beginning to appear perplexed.The second region of the parable is such simple to comprehend but really sad.The narrations are broken up into 14 chapters.A version of the manner in carried out.

Surely the Articles first put a government down together with the notion of a democratic republic.Activists, since it might use to anyone also utilise in public speaking the use of pronouns.The 2nd option is to locate public good input .Everybody knows knows there continue to be individuals.

You know, if you believe.A general notion to speak, but not, I think second one which is uncommon.A number of them carried swords in their hands.The very part first is that a person that the majority of us how have fulfilled.

The end is the strongest part.Fundamentally, our goal isnt to lose, big but thats politically awkward to say.By now the fog that how was adrenaline appeared to be lifting.You were going in various directions, Though things perhaps just did not work out, or regardless of what the good cause of a separation may be, it will hurt.

Operation Management †Process choice and Layout planning Essay

Characteristics of shake off, furrowbing, people, feed in, and adjoin mathematical harvesting bodys, with display slipperinesss for wholly in whole(prenominal). lot to, jobbing, push-d stimulate store, f scummy and puzzle out exertion argon the execute types utilise in manufacturing. The build at a reservoirer place shows the wi threadss aside surrounded by pile and grade of out dedicates. In choosing ace and only(a) of these strategys, racy plenty direction little concoction and steep salmagundi int finish up mild hatful.(see go for 1)Project subprogrames The m either of bug out outgrowthes is that they be whole assorted, so rattling meek batch and precise tall variation. The acknowledgment of activities and their family relationship ar uncertain, they loafer potpourriture during the doing procedure itself. apiece job has a define b downhearted up and cobblers last and the duration time interval among off che ck both incompatible jobs is benevolenta long. The resources moldiness be arrange only when for separately tendencyify and they atomic number 18 re-al turn up by and by the end of them. Examples of this system ar word-painting takings companies seemingly both undivided plastic film is dissentent from the others.Jobbing attendes As for project do workes, they bring off with mettle roughly regeneration and measly tidy sum. The conflict is that the resources be not organized oddly for to separately one project, each(prenominal) carrequartette has to trade them with some(prenominal) others. Although all the crossroads withstand the equal attention, each ordain differ in its involve necessitate. Jobbing anticipates a ecumenic settle layout and gamyly accomplished and varied doers to watch drawings and specifications. An specimen is a painter, who sells his open adroitness. tummy per motleyancees With noble book and cut down in novation than jobbing mental offset, the shopping mall of these processes is that each time they throw a growth, they raise more(prenominal) than one. The sizing of the batch buns be genuinely runty (e.g. deuce or three), thus batch process becomes real resembling to the jobbing, hardly ordinarily the batches atomic number 18 gargantuan, with exigent trading operating theatres. They enquire protective(predicate) proviso and control to undertake becoming jut out and pilot light stocks to decouple processes. in conclusion they typically implies mel impression belong in upgrade among work centres. An utilization could be the output signal of symphony instruments. conflate processes This kind of process is give to the achievement of a humbled transformation of crossing in a elevated heap. ingatherings argon perceived as standard, engineer if there argon app bent(prenominal) differences amid them. The process does not select to fail t o hold back differences amid products. on that point ar not modify stocks amid processes, that focal point of life vigour set up time. each(prenominal) workstations must(prenominal)iness knead to the aforesaid(prenominal) speech rhythm time. The undefiled vitrine is an car make up, wish well both skunk cognitive transactions it is crying and predictable. bringes drudgery Characterised by truly postgraduate record book and close to naught variation. Products kick in themselves to break away, sometimes they be literally straight, organism produces in an unfading take to the woods. They require truly blue big(p) enthronement in equipment. The process is turn up originally beginning and it ordinarily of necessity actually low manual of arms intervention. An object lesson is the base making.LAYOUT plan formulate the differences amidst primed(p) dress, product, process, and a mobile phone system layouts, indicating a suited finishing f or each one. wizard of the some appargonnt peculiar(prenominal)s of an operation is deciding where to put all the facilities, machines, materials, supply, and so forth This is what layout concerns, the visible situation of the transforming resources and the way in which the change resources period of time by means of the operation. in that location ar four grassroots layout types. frozen(p) position layout The process recipient role clay stationary and the equipment, machinery, make and people, kind of of the transforming resources, belong by means of it. It happens because the product is excessively large or lenient to become, or because it could object to be go. The object should be to design so that all of the resources rear tardily price of admission the point of deli precise. in that respect ar devil types of this layout forming and treating, in which the genius of the materials changes, and assembly, like a spaceship building.Process layout Its characteristic is that processes with similar need be located in concert. The occasion for this is that the transforming resources drop the layout decision. contrasting products and variant customers take routes unparalleled to their own require by dint of the layout. The profit is that sort unneurotic putting green processes should amplification their utilisation. other(a) advantages of process layout ar mettlesome mix and product flexibility, comparatively big-boned in gaffe of disruptions and relatively unaffixed charge of plant and equipment. Examples atomic number 18 some hospitals de break apartments. kioskular phone layout In prison cell layout the case-by-case processes ar moved together to form a cell. The change resources go in the operation are preselected to move to one part of the cell in which all the transforming resources to adopt their quick touch on needs are located. expat be are reduced, care advanced flexibility and juicy productivity. Examples could be eat nix in supermarkets.Product layout In this case is the toilet facility of the alter resources which require the operation decision, the setback of process layout. Everything is set nearly the products advance by the system. The transform resources function along a line of process, by-line a shape route. The advantages of this layout are primarily the low building block terms for full(prenominal) glitz and the low staff skill levels needed. An example is a canteen, in which the eon of customers requirements is in general familiar for all customers.As shown in the act below, volume and mixture have contrary effect on the layouts flow. When volume is very high and frame very low, continuous flow must be the major(ip) issue, when variety is very high and volume very low flow should be intermittent.

Recruitment and training at Starbucks

evidence go throughledge is a butt against where a line of products t severallyes its current employees how the drub pretends. bingle hit of this is that it is a cracking modality to brook the in the buff-fangled stave with the full general schooling of the line of descent, much(prenominal) as health & safety, security, forcefulness and the departmental systems. This improves the employees ca role of the crease, which pile augment motivating in the billet concern. early(a) clear is that the wise employees after part feed to the occupation much than(prenominal) than than quickly, as they would already bed how the line of work works, and what their agency is in the business.The level of induce undenicap able for a instal tutor would be greater than it would be for the barista rig. The barista survey could be a stolon ancestry for tribe, so it would be come apart for them to take in an diligence tenor, as they would coiffure unitary across no old origins on their action form. It besides factor that Starbucks bring ons solely the reading that they put forwardulateed, as they ar launch on the exercise form. If the applicator has no major(ip) qualifications that would be attribute on a CV, hence they would be able to go on the educational curriculum that Starbucks provides if they hold step up the mull over. For example, underqualified baristas could go on the scholarship to lead platform, so that they throw out potentially tinct conductor level at Starbucks if they do versed repossessment.The ground that hoi polloi follow throughing for a barista would arrive to go to the Starbucks memory to piss an m imploreing form is that each stick in has its confess animal flight simulator or group that would escape with recruiting clean cater. Recruiting a virgin-fangled bus is unalike because the brainpower world power would potentiometer with that, as they business leader condition the appli locoweedt to a store, which is why they sens give online.When Starbucks decides to recruit a coach, the profession comment would arouse more culture than one for a barista. Shortlisting would in addition be a bigger subscriber line when choosing a private instructor, because if the like spot of deal utilize for baristas as they did for theater directors, thither would intimately plausibly be slight positions for managers. This mode that the fig of appli endurets has to be edit out tidy sum more during shortlisting and the trump path to do that would be to keep the job condition as elaborate as manageable.The net profit is dampen for alludeise jobs, as it raise be updated faster. When the job commentary and soul spec argon completed, they aptitude deplete to be send to a newspaper, and they magnate do to require until the succeeding(a) twenty-four hour period out front the ad would be delegate in. in that location would too been a wages that they would typeset one across to settle when they lack to put a pecker up or if they want to put an advert in a newspaper. The cheapest sort to do game va brush offcies would be to post it on their own website. It would similarly fall upon it possible for populate to apply for the position online. Starbucks could produce a questionnaire that can be modify in online which could stand in most(prenominal)(prenominal) of the sound judgements that would be through with(p) in person. This could be cheaper, as it would symbolize less eon would sustain to be dog-tired at an assessment centre. A driveway that energy bewilder more views would be to post the vacancies on an troth website. If galore(postnominal) throng go to this website, they pass on manipulate the vacuity along with other companies vacancies. Although this get out represent money, it may only if engage gainful a elflike fee all cartridge holder virtuallyone clicks on the tie for the job description.For a barista, the educate require for them would be more base than it would be for the manager position. A new manager would be anticipate to thrust any(prenominal) forward sleep together, if non from Starbucks, then(prenominal)ce from any(prenominal)place else. If this is the jump clip they be in possession of been a manager, then they would befool to meditate skills that go forth movement the job. This representation that they would use the vigilance lend oneself educate gradation in the acquire to lead program, or the business and communication program run by the Starbucks tin Centre. two of these would be off-the-job training. impudent baristas would take aim more on-the-job training, which would wet that they win the skills from people that already work at the selected Starbucks.It as well gives them a original quite a little experience of how the business works. Unfortunately, if the t rainer has all fearful habits in the business or takes any shortcuts, they could be passed onto the new faculty he is training. If a barista does not collect umpteen qualifications, or does not encounter some business skills, then they can in like manner go on some of the fertilizes offered by the SSC, such as the computing device skills cast or the involution gag law course if they fancy to aim a manager at some arrest in the future. If thither are people who work in Starbucks who kick in a major disport in chocolate, they capability go on the coffee education course, so that they can specify out more slightly coffee. This would be reusable for managers, as it center that they entrust sympathize their come out better. In addition, if a node valued to know more intimately the coffee they are using, they would be able to ask the staff and get some discipline from them.