Essay Iran-Contra Affair The Diversion Scandal - 2952 Words

Iran-Contra Affair: The Diversion Scandal Eugene Hasenfus of Marinette, Wisconsin was captured when his cargo plane suffered damaging missile blows. Hasenfus’ outdated cargo plane was knocked from the sky as a result of Nicaraguan surface to air missiles. After notifying the office of the United States Vice-President, informants in both El Salvador and Costa Rica would scramble to assess and control a seemingly uncomplicated situation. While United States officials prepared to limit their damages, the Nicaraguan captors televised Hasenfus’ explanation of illegal actions by the United States and specifically the Reagan Administration in support of the rebel Contras. President Ronald Reagan strongly opposed the Sandinista government†¦show more content†¦Reagan continued to press for money in support of the Contras, while Democrats in the House of Representatives contemplated complete termination of Contra support. Eventually there was a concession on both parties, creating a limit of twenty-four million dollars of Contra aid for the 1984 Fiscal year. This amount, while generous, is significantly less than the Administration’s aims, hence the opportunity for future additional funding from Congress. The Reagan Administration was by now committed to supporting the Contras, but limited in their abilities due to the Congressional restriction of aid. In review of the Boland Amendments, using funds available to the CIA, Department of Defense, or any other government intelligence agency was strictly forbidden. The Reagan Administration, in hopes of evading the constraints of the Boland Amendment, utilized the National Security Council (NSC) because of its non-intelligence status. But it was the use of â€Å"third-country† or â€Å"private† funds that allowed the Administration covert curtailing of the Boland Amendment. It was Robert C. McFarlane, President Reagan’s national security advisor, who proposed the use of foreign contributions to the Contra efforts in Nicaragua. CIA director William J. Casey concurred and provided countries to approach in hopes of this â€Å"donation†. McFarlane went on to receive Saudi Arabia’s assistance in the form of on e million dollars per monthShow MoreRelatedIran-Contra Affair Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesIran-Contra: Crossing That Line I think everyone knew we were walking a very thin line.(Owen) Not many Americans know the truth that lies behind the Iran-Contra scandals. Most would be surprised to know about the deception of our leaders. Still today, some truth of Iran-Contra lies hidden in the conscience of the people who organized it, aided it, and went through with it. It started with good intentions, but soon was corrupted. Some may argue that we must do what we can to smother the flameRead MoreThe Iran Contra Affair1586 Words   |  7 PagesThe Iran Contra affair is historically defined as the â€Å"Reagan administration scandal that involved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for its efforts to secure the release of hostages in Lebanon and the redirection of the proceeds of those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras.† As the Nicaraguan counterrevolutionaries, known as the Contras, began their efforts to retaliate against the Socialist Sandinista Regime, American government forces stepped in to suppor t the Contra cause in a hope to supportRead MoreThes Covert Operations Against The Marxist Sandinista Government1253 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, when Casey increased the agency’s covert operations against the Marxist Sandinista government in Nicaragua by funneling aid to the contras, the anti-Sandinista rebels, Congress became concern of the CIA involvement in Central America. Hence, in 1982 it passed Boland amendment prohibiting the agency from aiding the contras. , Casey continued to find ways to evade the amendment (Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2010). On January 7, 1984 and February 29, 1984, the CIA mined several harborsRead MoreRonald Reagans Domestic and Foreign Affairs Essay1728 Words   |  7 Pagesand Foreign Affairs. The reason that I choose this topic was because I have always been personally interested in Ronald Reagans time in office and the national crisis he had to deal with. Reagan was awesome when it came to foreign policy because he knew how to negotiate with foreign leaders and their countries to get what he wanted. There were several instances during his time in office that he had the chance to use his ability to get the country out of danger. Domestic Affairs is another partRead MoreIran-Contra Scandal Essay2291 Words   |  10 PagesThe Iran-contra scandal of the 1980’s, first brought to light in November 1986, is a complicated mess of scandal, arms dealings, hostage deals, and illegal acts (â€Å"Iran-Contra Affair† Infoplease.com). The original purpose of the arms sales was to improve Unit ed States-Iran relations (Sanders SNU.edu). However, when American hostages were taken throughout the 1980’s, members of President Reagan’s staff negotiated implicit deals with Iranian groups, which resulted in the U.S. selling arms in returnRead MoreThe Tension Between The United States And The Soviet Union1931 Words   |  8 Pagesquestionable actions around the globe. The Iran-Contra Affair was one event that occurred under Reagan’s Administration that exemplified the trans-national impacts the Cold War was having around the world. The Affair is a combination of the United States’ actions within the countries of Nicaragua and Iran. However, the United States’ involvements were both ethically questionable as well as the motives of the Cold War. Although the actions in Nicaragua and Iran were separate actions, they showed how theRead MoreRonald Reag A Beloved American President869 Words   |  4 Pagesannual deficits. One major failure that und ermined his prominence as presidency was the Iran-contra affair. Reagan valued ridding the world of communism. So he provided significant military aid to the â€Å"contras† in their effort to dislodge the Sandinistas. His efforts to aid the Nicaraguan contras involved him in a serious blunder and scandal. The so-called- Iran-contra affair had origins in U.S. trouble in Iran. Reagan aides came up with a plan of selling US antitank and anti-aircraft missiles toRead MoreRonald Reagan1271 Words   |  6 Pagesfederal programs to alleviate their grief (Moss amp; Thomas, 2013). Iran Contra affairs Iran and Contra came to be spoken in the same breath was the outcome of complex covert activities, all carried out, in the name of democracy. When Iraq and Iran were at war in 1985, Iran requested to buy secret weapons from the United States. National Security adviser felt this might help improve the United States relations with Iran and Lebanon, increasing the United States influence in the Middle EastRead MoreEvents of the 1980s2220 Words   |  9 Pagesdeficits reach one trillion. Just 6 days later Reagan defends his budget, and says he will veto any tax increase. Perhaps one of the findings that lead to Iran/Contra hearing on February 16, 1986 was the shipping of 1000 anti-tank missiles to Iran by the United States. Then on February 25 Reagan asked Congress for $100 million in aid for Contras. While not a national event, on April 2, 1986 the worlds worst nuclear disaster occurred at the Chernobyl nuclear plant located in the Soviet Union. TheRead More The Watergate Scandal Essay2608 Words   |  11 PagesWatergate Political scandals are not strangers to the United States. They date back as far as 1830, with the presidential sex scandal and Thomas Jefferson, and in 1875 with the Whiskey Ring and President Ulysses S. Grant (Time and Again 1). Today we have the Iran-Contra affair with Ronald Reagan and Whitewater with Bill and Hillary Clinton. Even with these, it can be argued that Watergate could possibly be the worst scandal in the history of the United States. Richard Milihous Nixon was the

What Is a Joule Science Definition

The joule (symbol: J) is the basic SI unit of energy. A joule is equal to the kinetic energy of a kilogram mass moving at the speed of one meter per second (one joule is a kg⋅m2⋅s−2). Alternatively, it is the amount of work done on an object when a force of one newton acts in the direction of the objects motion over a distance of one meter (1 joule equal 1 newton meter or N⋅m). The unit is named for James Prescott Joule. Because it is named for a person, the first letter of the symbol is uppercase (J instead of j). However, when the word is written out, it is written in lowercase (joule instead of Joule, unless it begins a sentence). Joule Examples To put the joule into a practical context: One joule is the kinetic energy of a tennis ball moving 6 meter per second.A joule it the amount of energy needed to life a medium tomato up one meter or is the energy release when dropping that same tomato from a height of one meter.A joule is the amount of electricity needed to light a 1 W LED for one second. Sources International Bureau of Weights and Measures (2006). The International System of Units (SI) (8th ed.), p. 120. ISBN 92-822-2213-6.Ristinen, Robert A.; Kraushaar, Jack J. (2006). Energy and the Environment (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. ISBN 0-471-73989-8.

Reflection on Ethnicity Essay - 567 Words

Our increased mobility has given us greater access to the world and the diverse people that inhabit it. With that mobility comes the shared responsibility to negotiate with people who may initially seem unfamiliar and learn to express the experience. The word â€Å"ethnicity† is used to describe a specific population’s characteristics of fundamental aspects that all humans share. When applied loosely, ethnicity becomes a blanket term to define large populations, undermining the worth and the diversity within that group and emphasizing the differences between cultures. Yet those differences come down to matters of preference and socialization within each culture. The dominant themes that rule human nature persist in every society – wondering†¦show more content†¦When the knowledge that humans belong to one race becomes more widely known and accepted, our interpretation of other ethnic groups may change. The differences between cultures may not be as prono unced as our similarities. America is a recognized melting pot, integrating immigrants and their children, folding generations into a wider network of compromised values where traditional culture is abandoned for a watered down commercial version that valued only what would sell. The mass media in the United States is a powerful socialization tool especially for young people, proving to be an overriding adversary of traditional cultural ideals. Subsequent generations raised with such a forceful media influence scrape meaning where they are able, often forming counter and sub-cultures in attempt to renew grounds for interpersonal connectivity. They find significance in recycled icons of cultural relics, without the foundation for understanding or appreciating the history. Or create new relics and traditions out of what they have to work with. In an attempt to self-define upon superficial grounds, the value of niche identification, material goods, and commercial events cannot fill the void created by a lack in s ocial capital and cultural accountability. People still seek meaning for their lives. With the advance of globalization and an inter-dependent worldwide market, consumerism threatens to homogenize culture into income brackets. Within aShow MoreRelatedReflection On Culture, Ethnicity, And Race909 Words   |  4 PagesReflection on Culture, Ethnicity, and Race No one can deny the fact that the United States is rapidly becoming a more culturally and ethnically diverse nation. If the information from The Census Bureau, which projects that by the year 2100, the U.S. minority population will become the majority with non-Hispanic whites making up only 40% of the U.S. population is anything to go by, it is clear beyond any reasonable doubt that we need to prepare the coming generations to comfortably embrace this changeRead MoreReflection On Culture, Ethnicity, And Race905 Words   |  4 PagesREFLECTION ON CULTURE, ETHNICITY, AND RACE No one can deny the fact that United States is rapidly becoming a more culturally and ethnically diverse nation. If the information from The Census Bureau which projects that by the year 2100, the U.S. minority population will become the majority with non-Hispanic whites making up only 40% of the U.S. population is anything to go by, it is clear beyond any reasonable doubt that we need to prepare the coming generations to comfortably embrace this changeRead MoreReflection Paper On Religion And Ethnicity1012 Words   |  5 Pagesparents were born in the Philippines and believe in religion, they have never bothered to teach me anything about religion or my ethnicity. They have made many references to traditions and religion, but have never outright taught me. It’s because of this, that I believe from my friends and my relatives, that they seem to have a stronger connection to their religion and ethnicity than I do. Throughout my childhood, I have faced many events that make me question myself if I am truly religious. When peopleRead MoreCulture Is A Way Of Learning Things1065 Words   |  5 PagesCulture is a way of learning things essentially through the way we’ve been brought up, therefore everyone’s â€Å"born into a culture but not born with culture†. Culture is our identity of ethnicity, gender, education and race etc. Culture, in our everyday of life, outlines the style of life in conjunction with the values, beliefs and attitudes we’ve grown up with. In addition, culture can be described as art, religion, eating habits, rituals, humour, science, law, spirits ceremonies and etc. HoweverRead MoreCultural Safety And Nursing Practice1699 Words   |  7 Pagesnursing station that would be experienced by the patients on the floor. Reflection Personal privilege To understand personal privilege, we must come to an understanding of the context of our own lives. As a young white woman in the nursing profession, I must realize that I am privileged and in specific situations, at an advantage. This is not because of something that I have earned, but is simply present due to my ethnicity. Rothenberg (2005) writes about the importance of realizing that for everyRead MoreEthics And Standards For Professional Psychology1264 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual, and role differences, including those based on age, gender, gender identity, race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, language, and socioeconomic status and consider these factors when working with members of such groups.† ( APA, 2002, p. 4)† (Plante, Four Steps to Improve Religious/Spiritual Cultural Competence in Professional Psychology / REFLECTIONS, 2014, pp. 288-292) Religion and Spiritual concepts are more frequentlyRead More Multiracial Students1044 Words   |  5 Pagesfood, or eating a meal from south of the border. Around her could also be people from various cultural backgrounds, who she has no problem calling her friends. As perplexing as it seems, this is not an example of an identity crisis, but merely a reflection of the various cultures that can lie within one individual. â€Å"I love the fact that I’m of mixed heritage,† Corbett said. â€Å"I feel like I can relate to so many people, and not have to care about their color,† the 18-year-old child development majorRead MoreThe Importance Of Cultural Safety For Nursing Practice Essay1552 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Practicing cultural safety requires nurses to have undertaken personal reflection of their own cultural identity. This enables them to recognise the impact that their personal culture has on their professional practice (Cox Taua, 2013). This personal reflection should allow the nurse to provide effective care to an individual or family from a different culture (Cox Taua, 2013). In this essay I will reflect upon two of my own cultural groupings, discuss the concept of â€Å"other†, theRead MoreCultural Diversity And A Multicultural Society1371 Words   |  6 Pagesis a broad term that according to Lynn (2015), â€Å"Culture, ethnicity, and race- is an integral component of both health and illness,† (p. 74). The term ‘culture’ which according to Silvestri (2014) means, â€Å"Dynamic network of knowledge, beliefs, patterns of behavior, ideas, attitudes, values and norms that are unique to particular group of people† (p.38). Furthermore, ethnicity and race are exchangeable. A person belongs to certain ethnicity by birth or adoption. Race is focused more towards physicalRead MoreReflection981 Words   |  4 Pagesmannerism, and clothing are all evaluated. This snap judgement shapes your social groups, the way you are treated, whether or not you are considered good enough, et cetera. Through my experience, I’ve become more aware of the judgements regarding my ethnicity and it’s come to my understanding that in order to be accepted, you must meet the standards built by those around you. These standards obviously include how you body itself looks, however on further examination the root of such judgements on the

Art vs Government Essay Example For Students

Art vs Government Essay The forces of art and the forces of power, ever since their existence, have always clashed with each other. The battle field, where the fight for artistic exposure is suppressed by the powers of censorship, is not just one field, but a massive number of fields. Fields like painting, advertising, food, media, and even gaming are being massacred by the weapons of censorship. Now, is it wrong to hold back art, or is it wrong to let it run free? It all depends on how the art is presented. There are good sides and bad sides to art. In the infinite battles of the war of art, the outcome of the war has already been decided, even before any battles have taken place: a stalemate. There are certain things that should be censored in any country. Things like eroticism, violence, negative influence, and plain scary stuff that can make people cry. The government should have the power to protect. Since the government is made to govern the people, it should be logical to say that the government has the right to do anything in their power to protect their people. Without the people, there is no government. With the protection the government provides, it can shape the society the people live in. young minds will be corrupt and turn precocious with the mind of a sexually violent person without the proper guidelines to show them the right path. Not everything should be censored, but inappropriate things that can damage an innocent society. Examples like decapitated limbs for a movie poster, erotic videos, and gory games should be controlled. The world today is already corrupted. Children as young as ten years already know what sex organs can do, what they feel like, and how it should be used before the government has a chance to teach them. With that knowledge, children will turn evil, pulling down innocent children into their ranks with the greatest weapon they have in their arsenal: peer pressure. Peer pressure is very lethal. Its like a disease that spreads like wild fire. Censoring morally wrong material can stop all this madness. The government can have a better functioning society where violence is low and tax dollars arent wasted. It is not just the government that should be doing this. It should be the guardians as well. Guardians have a duty to protect their children. Not just their children, but the children of whoever they meet. Guardians play the role of a role model for the young ones so they can grow to be good people. It starts a chain reaction that can only be stopped by censorship. So censorship is not all that bad. On the contrary on the censoring of the arts, it is also bad to hide what is needed to be preached. Realistic images can teach lessons on life, stuff that just looks cool and inspires new ideas, and people can show themselves off with pride and power. The government is so scared that they make themselves believe that even a bit of bad exposure will cause society to crumble. That is why in some countries, people are dull and conservative. An example of this is Reading Lolita in Tehran. The narrator stresses on the fact that women are being forced to be dull. Dull as in not being creative with their appearance. Maybe it is their religion, or maybe it could be their tradition. In the book, it reveals that behind the veil, theres another form of life, and alternate brighter life. Instead of being uniform, they get to shed those dark, lifeless cloths into lively personal images uniquely that define them. The same concept applies to everything else. .ue8e97e0b8bcb0518ecdfb245b3d470ff , .ue8e97e0b8bcb0518ecdfb245b3d470ff .postImageUrl , .ue8e97e0b8bcb0518ecdfb245b3d470ff .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue8e97e0b8bcb0518ecdfb245b3d470ff , .ue8e97e0b8bcb0518ecdfb245b3d470ff:hover , .ue8e97e0b8bcb0518ecdfb245b3d470ff:visited , .ue8e97e0b8bcb0518ecdfb245b3d470ff:active { border:0!important; } .ue8e97e0b8bcb0518ecdfb245b3d470ff .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue8e97e0b8bcb0518ecdfb245b3d470ff { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue8e97e0b8bcb0518ecdfb245b3d470ff:active , .ue8e97e0b8bcb0518ecdfb245b3d470ff:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue8e97e0b8bcb0518ecdfb245b3d470ff .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue8e97e0b8bcb0518ecdfb245b3d470ff .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue8e97e0b8bcb0518ecdfb245b3d470ff .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue8e97e0b8bcb0518ecdfb245b3d470ff .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue8e97e0b8bcb0518ecdfb245b3d470ff:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue8e97e0b8bcb0518ecdfb245b3d470ff .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue8e97e0b8bcb0518ecdfb245b3d470ff .ue8e97e0b8bcb0518ecdfb245b3d470ff-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue8e97e0b8bcb0518ecdfb245b3d470ff:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Two Contrasting Organizations Tesco And Oxfam Commerce EssayNow compare that to a larger scale. The person behind the veil is a country. The cloths are the censorship. People going around that person do not notice her. Those people are the victims of the exposure of art. Those people ignore her because she was so dull, covered up, and damaging herself. Without the cloth, there would be no censorship. People around her will notice her and everything will take off from there. Censorship is not all entirely bad, nor is it all entirely good. It is like a math equation where you must have something to get something. Censorship is not an absolute force that can censor anything deemed as unfit for audiences. Reality is real, dangerous, scary, and it really sucks. Censoring reality will only have people live in fantasy lands where they are unable to sense the dangers in the world. The government should just as well censor the news since it does what other things do: expose the arts of reality. For the artist, it works both ways. Either the artist is an enemy or an ally of the country that person lives in. it all depends on what type of art is being posted.