Thank you letter Sample Essay Example for Free

Thank you letter Sample EssayI am writing you today to extend my sincere thanks. I am genius of the recipients of the (Scholarship Name) for this academic year, and I am both grateful and excited to be presented with such an honor. This is my second year attending (Name of University) as a computer engineering science student. Furthering my education is very strategic to me, and Im glad that there are people akin you who are willing to patron indigent students like me. This semester, I will not need to worry about covering the costs of my classes and my books. I will be able to go to class with academic worries instead of financial ones. You have made a huge difference in my life. I appreciate the resources that you continue to provide. I will do my crush to make this other successful semester. Thank you again for the generous contribution which made my scholarship possible.Sincerely,What is mobile technology and what are the benefits?Mobile technology is merely what the name implies technology that is portable. Mobile IT devices include Laptop computers. Palmtop computers or personal digital assistants. Mobile phones and smart phones high-end phones with more than advanced capabilities. Global positioning agreement (GPS) devices. receiving set debit/credit card payment terminals.Mobile devices can be enabled to use a variety of communications technologies such as Wireless fidelity (WiFi) a type of wireless local area network technology. Bluetooth connects mobile devices wirelessly. Third Generation (3G), global system for mobile communications (GSM) and commonplace packet radio service (GPRS0 data services data networking services for mobile phones. Dial-up-service data networking services using modems and telephone lines. Virtual private networks reliable access to a private network. It is therefore possible to network the mobile device to a home office or the internet while travelling.1. Weapons and protective EquipmentMost po lice officers in most countries carry weapons, such as firearms. The mittgun is the most popular weapon carried by an officer. In addition, some officers fill to carry stun/Taser guns, pepper spray, rubber bullets and batons. Officers also typically are equipped with handcuffs in case they need to restrain unruly suspects or perpetrators. For defensive purposes, one of the most important pieces of defensive gear a police officer can have is a bulletproof jacket or vest. These will protect the officer in the evet of gunfire, stabbing or similar injury. Youll also find police officers keep gas masks on hand in case of contamination or pollution. Communication DevicesBecause police officers dont always know the seriousness of a situation before they arrive on the scene, it is important they have a way to keep in touch with each other and the station in case they need to call for backup. Handheld radios and walkie-talkies help them stay in touch with each other. Their vehicles are al so equipped with radios, so they can hear alerts when they go out from the station. In addition, more and more police cars have computers installed, which allows officers to run license plates, perform background checks or relay important information. Also, most officers carry whistles, flashlights and ticket books.Vehicles and Transportation police force officers lease several different types of vehicles. Patrol cars are most common, and come outfitted with sirens and light bars. Unmarked cars are also used in undercover situations. Police can also utilize motorcycles or bicycles when patrolling on the road. In addition, specialized operations may call for the use of trucks, ATVs, watercraft, helicopters or airplanes. Police may even patrol on horseback.INTRODUCTIONIn an age where technology has become an increasingly important part of our everyday lives, technology has also given criminals another avenue for committing crimes. Criminals are able to utilize technology to hack into private networks, spread damaging viruses, commit fraud, solicit sexual activities from minors, and various other potentially damaging criminal activities. But, it seems logical that we could also use technology to catch those criminals and those of other crimes and to prevent some crimes from happening. Several technologies exist that can assist righteousness enforcement personnel in preventing and solving criminal actions, including

Leadership Assessment Essay Example for Free

leadinghip Assessment EssayLeadership git be best specify as beauty. One may say that is in the eye of the beholder. The best performrs consistently allow different leaders to emerge and inspire their teammates. My prior nerve, Comcast Corporation, a telecommunications provider, mission statement is to deliver a superior experience to their customers every day. Jason Biske, whom is Director of Sales and Operation, created an environment where Comcast is focused solely on customers by mental synthesis relationships. When we would see him, he would always speak and ask how your day or sales was going. Jason was really big on keeping the sales floor sensible of new promos or contests that were going on by sending constant email communications, ongoing training sessions, or holding focus groups on sundry(a) processes of improvement in the sales process. When it came to lead styles, Jason Biske demonstrated several. He embraced democratic, coaching, pacesetting, and authorit ative.He initiated organize and created an environment that made you feel a part of something. Along with that he showed consideration. We felt deal our opinions mattered and there was a concern for the employees. Leaders provide a sense of direction for the employees of the organization. Without this sense of direction (both strategic and ethical), the organization and its employees could tardily lose their direction.In order for any leader to be booming all styles need to be incorporated. Leaders, therefore, are given the responsibility of creating and shaping culture. The organizational structure that has been created has positioned the company in the smartest way possible. As the world changes, the culture of organizations must sometimes be re-shaped to better fit the environment and the overall strategy of the organization (Buhler).Comcast strongly believes in team shape, integrity, creativity and commitment within the organization.Managers must be convinced of the benefi ts as well as higher performance for their teams if they are to sustain enthusiastic leaders of change. Above all, senior executives should encourage managers to think big the new world of work opens up new possibilities for how companies define their boundaries and organize work (Lund, 2012).Having such a strong team of leadership gives employees as well as potential talent something to look forward to in regards to a career. The domineering thing close having a clear organizational structure is simply it allows you to see the formal relationship that exits between the departments. Jason Biskes job as music director was to improve the sales process and increase revenue in the sales department. As a result he increased revenue by 24 percent. He overly rolled out a process called Sales Pro which would spend a penny the sales process simpler by focusing on relationships. veritable(a) though his styles motivated employees, he used communication through mass emails mostly. On a daily basis, you would receive several reports on how the company is profiting. At my career level no one understood how we were contributing to these successes. Jason would get you excited to make money but somewhere in there the leadership failed.According to Moorhead and Griffin (1998) employee motivation and ability jointly contribute towards employee performance and the most challenging task of the managers is to motivate employee to execute the utmost of their ability. (Iqbal). When you father middle managers that are not as excited about their jobs, it is hard to keep the customer service reps motivated to sale the product or becoming numbers when the objectives are not clear. In an organization, an individual has to be seen as a contributor. Most importantly, you have to keep your employees motivated. Most raft never make it to the top because they are successful at being a doer instead of being a leader. Leadership is more about inspiration, about guidance, about communi cation and building trust among the team. Management is probably the day-to-day running of an organization. It is about developing and organizing aspects of your businesses and running those businesses (Toor, 2011). Some best practices that organizational leaders can follow are 1. Accept feedback from the people that work with you.No one knows best other than the people that deal with the customers every day. Some of the most successful companies are profitable because the organizational leader listened to what the employees shared. There is value in shared values. Secondly, try a crazy idea every now and then. Employees like creativity and a challenge to keep them on their toes. Lastly, show courage. Effective leaders sometimes have to issue orders whether or not it means they are popular or not. If you are leading effectively then your team will support you. Leaders are made, not born. I consider leadership as something long term with a clear vision of what to achieve. Management, however, is more about function its short-term and involves setting a target and achieving it. transmutation is not only important to the work environment and the business but it can also have some legal ramifications if not followed properly. Workplace revolution refers to the variety of differences between people in an organization. The roots of diversity does not begin to range from race, gender, ethnic group, age, personality, educational background etc., rather it begins from perception of the employees towards each(prenominal) other (Andrew Patrick, 2011). Ccompanies that embrace employees from different cultural backgrounds, experiences and even countries are better positioned to succeed in this century. Hiring a diverse workforce helps a company catch ones breath in compliance with employment laws and build workplaces that are more inclusive. It also assists employees in reaching their fullest potential.When hiring and managing employees from different cultures and backg rounds it can be challenging, but it can also be very rewarding. Diversity is not a photo opportunity. Anybody can recruit anybody. Keeping people is the challenge (Sreedhar, 2011). Most corporations have diversity council which allows you to manage diversity globally therefore allowing others to learn from different perspectives and cultures. From a business perspective, companies have become more innovative requiring expansion into global territories. It requires them to move people as well as products around. With that being said, a company must be able to understand international customers, their commerce and their competition better than before. flora CitedAndrew Patrick, H. (2011). Knowledge Workers Demography and Workplace Diversity. journal Of Marketing Management, pp. 2(2), 38-73. Buhler, P. M. (n.d.). The evolving leader of today. Supervision. pp. 59(12), 16. . Iqbal, J. Y. (n.d.). EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION IN MODERN ORGANIZATION A REVIEW OF 12 YEARS. Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business,. pp. 4(3), 692-708. Lund, S. M. (2012). Preparing for a new era of knowledge work. pp. Mckinsey Quarterly, (4), 103-110. Sreedhar, U. (2011). Workforce Diversity and HR Challenges. Advances In Management. pp. 4(10), 33-36. Toor,S. (2011). Differentiating Leadership from Management. An Empirical Investigation of Leaders and Managers. Leadership Management In Engineering, pp. 11(4), 310. doi10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000138.

The Incarnation Of Jesus Christ

The Incarnation Of savior saviorIntroductionThe incarnation of Jesus savior has been a subject of attention from the earliest decades of the organisation of the saviorian Church. It has non been with bulge out its subsequent controversies. Several early councils were convened to address the various issues regarding the churchman and in particular, the some superstar and character of delivery boy. Of these, the fourth great council of Chalcedon realized the parameters of the person and nature of Christ in the orthodox belief.1In an attempt to articulate the person and nature of Christ, the German theologian Gottfried Thomasius published a work mingled with 1853 and 1861 entitled Christi Person und Werk (Christs Person and Work).2In this essay, Thomasius called attention to the Greek word kenosis found in Philippians 27 in demonstrating his theory of the emptying of Christ during the incarnation. Thomasius view of kenosis contributed considerably to the interest in the inc arnation principles of Christology. His work became the basis for further studies into what is more(prenominal) commonly called Ke nonic theology. This paper will attempt to show that Thomasius view of kenosis is not completely consistent with the gainula of Chalcedon and did not adequately comply with the orthodox principles of the incarnation.Development of Systematic TheologyAs the early perform began to go up so did varying opinions as men began to think about the doctrines of scripture in a systematic way. Was Jesus perfection? graduation-century Christians saw that the answer was not simple. Nature is not simple, so why then should we expect the Creator of nature be simple?3Within the starting line four hundred days of Christianity there arose six major heresies and they all involved an aspect of the person of Christ.4Then, as now, there be doctrines, which men wrestle with and that still divide themselves over. pull down today there ar those who would say that some things are too complex to fully understand much(prenominal) as Robertson McQuilkin who said, As we approach the leger intent on discovering all the truth God intends for us to understand, we should examine our expectations and attitudes, as there are limitations on what is possible.5Not withstanding, it is the obligation of every Christian to search out the truths of Gods word and to faithfully study it in order to build a competent system of beliefs. With regard to the person and nature of Christ, the haggle of Millard Erickson ring all the more true when he said, All departures from the orthodox doctrine of the person of Christ are s allude variations of one of these six heresies. While we whitethorn have difficulty specifying exactly the content of this doctrine, full fidelity to teaching of Scripture will carefully avoid each of these distortions.6The Council of ChalcedonThe early councils of the Christian church were ecumenical gatherings of church leaders and scholars who were brought unneurotic in order to address the issues that divided the church and sought to set forth declarations that defined the proper thought of these controversial theological issues that had an impact on the church. Each of the great councils formted certain dogma about these issues of controversy, which then became the orthodox view of the Christian church.C oncerning the initiatory great council of Nicea, Norman Geisler states, The Nicaean Creed (A.D. 325) states the uniform belief of all orthodox Christianity that Christ was fully God and fully Man. All heresies regarding Christ repudiate one or the other of these.7One of the utmost important issues to the Church was, and rightfully should have been, a proper understanding of the person and nature of Christ. In regard to the council of Chalcedon, which was convened in 451, J. H. Hall wroteThe work of Chalcedon can be understood only in the light of a series of Christological declarations beginning with the Council of Nicea (325). The Nicene Creed declared that Christ is of the same divine substance with the Father, against Arius, who taught that Christ had a beginning and was only of similar substance. The Council of Constantinople (381) twain(prenominal) ratified and refined the Nicene Creed, in opposition to continuing Arianism, and declared against Apollinarianism, which stated that Christs valet de chambre soul had been replaced by the divine Logos. Moreover, Constantinople declared that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son.8As questions continued to grow about the nature of Christ in the incarnation, so did controversy. The preceding councils established the churches opinion with regard to the deity of Christ that He is hence of the same substance as the father.Later questions arose with respect to the merciful side and divine side of the nature of Christ. The Nestorian view held to a interval of the cardinal natures of Christ as opposed to the Eutychian view, which theorized that Christ had only one nature.9The Nestorian view was rejected at the council of Ephesus but Eutychianism was later embraced. Seeing the continued discord, pope Leo I instigated Emperor Marcion to call a hot council and it was decided that it would be held in the city of Chalcedon.The Council of Chalcedon achieved three important things. J.H. Hall states, First, it reaffirmed the Nicene usage arcsecond, it accepted as orthodox the letters of Cyril and Leo and third, it provided a definition of the faith.10Hall continues, There existed twain overarching concerns- maintenance of the unity of Christs person and establishment of the two natures of Christ.11The Catechetical Lectures of S. Cyril of Jerusalem attribute a section of Epiphanius, Ancoratus, 118, c. AD 374, as macrocosm that which contained the Nicene creed which was read and approved at Chalcedon.12What Chalcedon effectively achieved was compass forth certain parameters about the nature of Christ. That whic h is formulated to the understanding of these two natures must therefore fall within these parameters in order to remain orthodox.In setting these parameters of orthodoxy, certain attributes must be maintained. One of the most important issues involves immutability. The Definition of Chalcedon sustained the continued immutability of Christ. The council declaration was as followsTherefore, following the sacred Fathers, we all with one accord teach men to acknowledge one and the same Son, our Lord Jesus Christ, at once complete in Godhead and complete in manhood, truly God and truly man, consisting also of a reasonable soul and body of one substance with the Father as regards his Godhead, and at the same time of one substance with us as regards his manhood like us in all respects, apart from sin as regards his Godhead, beget of the Father forwards the ages, but yet as regards his manhood begotten, for us men and for our salvation, of Mary the Virgin, the God-bearer one and the same Christ, Son, Lord, Only-begotten, recognized in two natures, without confusion, without change, without division, without separation the distinction of natures being in no way annulled by the union, but rather the characteristics of each nature being preserved and coming together to form one person and subsistence, not as parted or separated into two persons, but one and the same son and Only-begotten God the Word, Lord Jesus Christ even as the prophets from earliest times spoke of him, and our Lord Jesus Christ himself taught us, and the creed of the Fathers has handed down to us.13The Chalcedonian Creed provided the church with a statement that Christ indeed possessed two distinct natures, both a human side and divine side and that he existed in one person in an unchangeable way.14Gottfried Thomasiuss view of kenosisIn the first part of the 19th century, when Ferdinand Baur became professor of theology at Germanys Tubingen University, he following in the footsteps of G.W.F. Hegel began in anxious to attack the historical credibility of the New Testament and in particular the gospel of John.15But after a series of textual and archeological finds, Adolf von Harnack, who himself once sympathized with Baur, rejected his assumptions stating in 1897 that, The assumptions of Baurs school, one can almost say, are now wholly abandoned.16This confrontation sparked by the rise of modern comment produced many such debates and it serves to illustrate the theological climate within which Gottfried Thomasius and other German theologians wrote.Gottfried Thomasius was a Lutheran theologian who in the mid-eighteen hundreds, attempted to develop an acceptable Christology that could withstand the criticism of his day.17In an attempt to do so, he published his Christi Person und Werk. David Law states,The first edition of Christi Person und Werk appeared between 1853 and 1861. Because of the criticism leveled at the early volumes of the first edition, Thomasius began revision s for the second edition before all three volumes of the first edition had appeared. The second edition was published between 1856 and 1863. A third and abridged edition, emended after Thomasiuss death by F.J. Winter, was published between 1886 and 1888, but it is the second edition that is regarded as the mature and authoritative statement of Thomasisus kenotic Christology.18Subsequent publications showed Thomasiuss enterprises to expound on his notion of kenosis. David Law states, In Beitrag Thomasius argued that the tensions within Lutheran Christology could be resolved only by reformulating the doctrine of the person of Christ in terms of a self-limitation of the Logos.19In essence this self-limitation is the idea behind Thomasiuss view of kenosis. Law gives a more defined description of this idea stating,It was above all Thomasiuss contribution to kenotic Christology that established him as a major theologian. The noun kenosis and the adjective kenotic are derived from the us e of the term ekenosen in Phil. 27, where we read of Christ Jesus who, though he was in the form of God, did not regard equality with God as something to be put to worked, but emptied himself heauton ekenosen, taking the form of a servant, being born in human likeness. On the basis of the use of the term ekenosen in this text, kenosis has come to be used as shorthand for a series of issues arising from the claim that Christ is both truly divine and truly human. How can divinity and humanity coexist in the one, united person of Christ without undermining the integrity of either nature? Kenotic christologies are those christologies which attempt to address this problem by arguing that Christ emptied himself of some aspect of his divine nature in order to become a human being.20The notion of Christ emptying himself of some aspect of the divine nature in an act of self-limitation has serious significance and questions the immutability of God the Son.This comes into direct contradictio n with the statement of Chalcedon in several key areas.First, Chalcedon established that the incarnation of Christ did not change, effect or diminish any attributes of deity Christ had before the incarnation. He is without change21. Secondly, Chalcedon affirmed the distinction of natures, being no way annulled by the union, but rather the characteristics of each nature, being preserved and coming together to form one person and subsistence.22The orthodox view is that the incarnation of Christ did not constitute a loss of any aspect of his divine nature, done the act of kenosis or any other such theory.Kenotic TheologyAlthough Thomasiuss influence and that of kenotic Christology in general gave way in Germany in the 1880s to Ritschlianism, kenotic Christology enjoyed a second flowering in Britain.23In the years following, interest would subside but then unexpectedly grow again as theologians once again brush up the kenotic theory.In recent years there has been a re refresheded inte rest in kenotic Christology (see, for example, Evans, 2006). Any current attempt to formulate a coherent and workable kenotic Christology will need to return to Thomasiuss work, above all to his Christi Person und Werk.24.In Christian Theology Millard Erickson gives his definition of kenoticism stating, The second Person of the Trinity laid deviation his distinctly divine attributes (omnipotence, omnipresence, etc.), and took on human qualities instead.25In this view, Jesus is not God and man simultaneously, but successively. Kenoticism implies that Jesus is both God and man, just not at the same time.26Others have thought to develop the position of kenoticism in not such an abrogated way. Instead they incorporate the idea into a more piano form of kenotic theology. In a review of Michael J. Gormans Inhabiting the Cruciform God Kenosis, Justification, and Theosis in Pauls Narrative Soteriology, Timothy G. Gombis of Cedarville University states,In chapter 1, Gorman develops Pauls m aster story that demonstrates the kenotic character of Jesus Christ and reveals the very identity of God as kenotic. He focuses on Phil 25-11 and argues, based on a thorough exegetical treatment of the passage, that the pattern although x not y but z reveals the narrative trajectory of the kenosis of Jesus. By this, Gorman means although status not selfishness but selflessness (p.16). Jesus Christ had status as God himself but did not exploit this, using it for his own comfort of personal gain. Rather, he pursued several progressively degrading positions on a movement of downward mobility, going lastly to the publicly shameful death on a cross (pp. 16-17). For Gorman, this passage is not properly understood to mean that Christ did this despite the fact that he was in the form of God. Rather, Christ pursued this path because he was in the form of God. In other words, and this is a crucial point for Gorman, Christs being in the form of God is most clearly seen in his self-emptying and self-expenditure (p. 25). In this sense, the very character of God is kenotic (self-emptying) and cruciform (cross-shaped).27In this passage, the reviewer (Gombis) notes that the author (Gorman) thinks the kenotic passages are not clearly understood. Noting this misrepresentation, he suggests a proper view of kenotic theology. Whether or not Gorman is true in his assumptions remains speculative however it does illustrate the contemporary effort to redefine the implications inherent in kenotic theology.Classical TheologyThe more classical view of the person and nature of Christ are theologies based more on the Chalcedonian formula and are replete in the theological community. Some theologians have attempted to address the problem of formulating an acceptable understanding of the human and divine nature of Christ always keeping a wary eye upon the parameters of the orthodox or Chalcedonian understanding of the incarnation. From the abstract of Robin Le Poidevins Identity and the comp osite Christ an Incarnational delemma, the author states,One way of understanding the reduplicative formula Christ is, qua God, omniscient, but qua man, limited in knowledge is to take the occurrences of the qua locution as picking out different parts of Christ a divine part and a human part. But this view of Christ as a composite being runs into paradox when combined with the orthodox understanding, adopting a philosophically and theologically contentious perdurantist account of persistence through time, or rejecting altogether the idea of the composite Christ.28 here(predicate) the author points out a formula of Christology of the human and divine natures but at the same time, recognizes that it conflicts paradoxically with the Chalcedonian parameters of the incarnation. In this respect, many theologians still show complaisance to and recognize the importance of the Chalcedonian councils definitive statement.The Chalcedonian parameters have been a staple in guiding theological th ought for centuries. George P. Pardington, who was a well-esteemed professor of theology among the Christian Alliance, makes this clear. In his theology primer Outline Studies in Christian Doctrine, He deals with passages in Philippians 26,7 and other verses that show the nature of the preexistence of Christ and the incarnations, stating,These and other phrases express inexpressible relationships within the Godhead, which we cannot comprehend. On Phil. 26 Thayers Greek Lexicon says Form (Greek, morphe) is that by which a person or thing strikes the vision, the external appearance. There is nothing in this passage, which teaches that the Eternal Word (John 11) emptied Himself of either His divine nature of His attributes, but only of the outward visible manifestation of the Godhead. He emptied, stripped Himself, of the insignia of Majesty (Lightfoot). When creator demanded, He exercised His divine attributes (Moorehead).29Pardingtons view of the kenotic passages in no way contradic ts the Chalcedonian parameters since Christ did not give up any of his divine nature or attributes. modern DebateRoger Olsen has noted that the differing opinions among evangelistics. He states,Kenotic Christology-emphasizing the need to take with utmost seriousness Jesus true humanity, including limited consciousness- has made significant inroads among evangelicals, while other evangelical theologians have resisted and criticized it.30Olsen continues to describe what he characterizes as a very heated debate among more progressive and conservative Evangelicals stating, As recently as the mid-1990s heresy charges were thrown by conservative evangelicals at more moderate and progressive ones who dared to use the kenotic motif in writing about the incarnation.31Theologians who reaffirm the Chalcedon formula would be Bernard Ramm and Carl Henry.32Examples of some who are more outspoken against kenoticism would be Thomas V, Morris, Donald Bloesch, Millard Erickson and Stanley Grenz.33Whi le Grenz is somewhat critical of kenotic theology, he nevertheless does not espouse the traditional Chalcedon formula either.34Olsen states,Two evangelical theologians who have attempted to push the frontiers of Christology are Clark Pinnock and Stanley Grenz. Both affirm that Jesus Christ is truly God and truly human, but they are dissatisfied with the classical expression of that belief in Chalcedonian Christology (hypostatic union). They are not so much interested in rejecting it as in supplementing it with new and more helpful thought forms. People today, they argue, are not as tuned as ancient people were to the substance ontologies of Greek metaphysics, and the times call for a new expression of the doctrine of Jesus Christs humanity and divinity.35While the purpose of this paper is not to critique the various forms of Christology espoused by many theologians among the ranks of evangelicals (and they are many), it is however implicated with the classical Chalcedonian formula of the incarnation, and whether or not kenotic theology adheres to it and why this is important.While there are those who strongly support the Chalcedonian formula, there are others who feel that it is flawed. Roger Olsen notes that both Clark Pinnock and Stanley Grenz are dissatisfied with the classical expression of that belief in Chalcedonian Christology (hypostatic union).36He once again points to the work of Stanley Grenz to illustrate this stating,Grenz argues in Theology for the Community of God (Grand Rapids Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2000) that classical Incarnational Christology falls short biblically and logically and revises it using the eschatological ontology (the future as the locus of being) of German theologian Wolfhart Pannenberg. According to Grenz, Jesus Christ is the Logos, who is not to be thought of as preexisting and then descending into human history but as revealing God and therefore be to the eternity of God by virtue of his resurrection.37Emphasis i s Olsens.Olsen continues with his critique of Grenz showing how it is at variance with classical Christology. This is where the debate becomes relevant to this research with respect to the Chalcedonian formula. Olsen states,The main fight between this Christology and classical Christology Chalcedonian lies in its denial of a logos asarkos discarnate or preincarnate Logos or Son of God. For Grenz, Jesus Christ is the Logos, the second person of the Trinity. whatever tensions or problems may exist in Pinnocks and Grenzs Christology, they are not so much revisions of the hypostatic union as restatements of the basic Christological vision in new terms.38The abandoning of the basic tenants of the Chalcedonian formula present some extreme difficulties, particularly in light of the doctrine of the Preexistence of Christ which was affirmed at Chalcedon.One of the issues in regard to the nature of Christ concerns his Consciousness. When did Christ come to the realization of who he was? Th eologians like Myer Pearlman were more content to leave this question open stating, Just exactly when and how this self-consciousness came must remain a mystery to us. When we think of God coming to us in the form of a man we must reverently exclaim, great is the mystery of godliness39Erickson would say, There were within his person dimensions of experience, knowledge and love not found in human beings. We must recognize that in traffic with Christ, he was more than just a man. He had and maintained all the qualities of a divine nature and a sinless human nature as well.40Another important issue that must be addressed is that the hypostatic union is permanent and everlasting. What Christ became in the incarnation is what he shall remain eternally (Heb 217, 724).41This is a problem for the kenotic view of Christ since that in the kenotic view, according to Erickson.42Jesus is both God and man, just not at the same time. This would imply a doing away with what Jesus became in the i ncarnation after his ascension and glorification.ConclusionThe question that this research is concerned with may be answered by tell that Gottfried Thomasiuss original view of kenosis is not completely consistent with the formula of Chalcedon and did not adequately comply with the orthodox principles of the incarnation.SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHYBettenson, Henry. Documents of the Christian Church ed. Henry Bettenson and Chris Maunder Oxford Oxford University Press, 1999.Byfield, Ted. ed., The Christians Their First Two Thousand Years Edmonton Christian Millennial History Project, 2002.Erickson, Millard J., Christian Theology Grand Rapids Baker Academic, 1998.Geisler, Norman L. When Skeptics Ask a handbook on Christian Evidences Grand Rapids Baker Publishing, 2008.Gombis, Timothy G. in review of Inhabiting the Cruciform God Kenosis, Justification, and Theosis in Pauls Narrative Soteriology, Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society Vol. 52, Is. 4 2009, p. 866.Gonzalez, Justo L. The S tory of Christianity vol.1, The Early Church to the Dawn of the Reformation New York Harper Collins, 1984.Hall, J.H., Chalcedon, Council of (451), in Evangelical Dictionary of Theology, ed. Walter A. Elwell Grand Rapids Baker Academic, 2009.Law, David R. Gottfried Thomasius (1802-1875) in The Blackwell Companion to the Theologians saturation 2, ed. Ian S. Markham Malden Blackwell Publishing, 2009.Le Poidevin, Robin. Identity and the composite Christ an Incarnational dilemma, in Religious Studies, Cambridge Vol. 45, Is. 2 2009, p. 167.McQuilkin, Robertson. Understanding and Applying the Bible Chicago Moody Press, 1992.Mitchell, Daniel R. The Unity of the Person of Christ, Class lecture, shore leave Baptist Theological Seminary, April 15, 2010.Olsen, Roger E. The Westminster handbook to Evangelical Theology Louisville Westminster John Knox Press, 2004.Pardington, George P. Outline Studies in Christian Doctrine Harrisburg Christian Publications, 1926.Pearlman, Myer. Knowing the Doctr ines of the Bible Springfield Gospel Publishing, 1981.

Reviews Related To Readmission To The Hospital Nursing Essay

Reviews Related To Readmission To The Hospital Nursing EssayThis chapter deals with the related literature review which aids to generate a picture of what is known and non known about a particular situation. Geri LoBiondo-Wood et al (2011), stated that Review of literature is an organized critique of important scholarly literature which supports a playing field and a key step in research process.Jahn P et al (2010) conducted a cluster randomized multicenter trial among 24 patient who were diagnosed with malignancy and having wo(e) more than 3 days in California. A trans institutional multi modular nursing intervention protocol was administered to the patients. The study result revealed that the patients who received multi modular incorporated intervention had less patient related barrier and a better self management for cancer pain.Bonnema (2009) conducted a cohort study to assess the push of different adherence levels to the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocol (ERAS) and t he effect of various enhanced recovery after surgery elements on outcomes pursual major surgery in France. 953 patients with colorectal cancer were selected. It was found that following an increase in preoperative, perioperative adherence to the ERAS protocol both postoperative complication (

Life Cycles Of Paper And Plastic Bags Environmental Sciences Essay

Life Cycles Of write up And Plastic Bags Environmental Sciences EssayThis research performs invigoration- pedal assessments on cardinal harvest-times- pliable bags and paper bags. The two products ar considered to be substitutes for one another, and the end objective of the life-cycle assessments performed on the two products is to comp atomic number 18 the life-cycle costs of the two products for the purpose of recommending a production strategy for a comp all that produces bags.A life-cycle assessment for paper bags is presented in the interest prick, and this presentation is followed by a presentation of a life-cycle assessment for plastic bags in the succeed theatrical role. Following the presentations of the two life-cycle assessments, the two substitute products ar comp bed with the emphasis being placed on the full costs of the products for the manufacturing partnership. Recommendations and conclusions based on this comparison are then presented.Life cycle assessment attempts to measure the total environmental effect of a product from cradle to grave. Proponents contend that life-cycle assessment can deliver the information to assess tradeoffs throughout the life of all(prenominal) product.Life-cycle assessment permits producing organizations to determine the environmental encounter of both their products and the manufacturing processes used in the production of those goods. As manufacturing companies take a crap experienced increasing pressures to minimize adverse environmental effects of all types, therefore, life-cycle assessment has assumed greater importance in manufacturing management.The initial tint in a life-cycle assessment involves the establishment of the purpose of the study and defining the objectives of the study. This step for this current examination was established in the initial paragraph of this Introduction.The second step of a life-cycle assessment is the life-cycle inventory. In the life-cycle inventory, energy and mad material requirements and environmental emissions of the product and its manufacturing process are quantified. Precise and extensive calculations are involved in this step. Totals for all material requirements and environmental emissions are presented for all stages of production, from new materials acquisition to waste management.The third step is an impact assessment, which attempts to translate the life-cycle inventory data into effects on human health, eco lumberical health, and resource depletion, which are the impacts of the product and its manufacturing process on the environment. The impact assessment is accomplished by classifying the inventory items into condition groups that may lead to an environmental impact.The final step in a life-cycle assessment is an improvement analytic thinking. The improvement analysis develops recommendations based on the results of the life-cycle inventory and the life-cycle impact assessment. much(prenominal) recommendations may inc lude the modification of a production process, the use of different raw materials, or choosing one product over another, as is the case in this current study.The steps of the life-cycle assessment process from life-cycle inventory through life-cycle improvement analysis are addressed in this current study in the following two sections. In these two sections, these steps of the life-cycle assessment process are positive for both plastic bags and paper bags.Life-Cycle judging Plastic BagsThe life-cycle assessment of plastic bags is presented in relation to life-cycle inventory, life-cycle impact assessment, and life-cycle improvement analysis.Life-Cycle InventoryThe life-cycle inventory analysis is a technical, data-based process of quantifying energy and raw material requirements, atmospheric emissions, mobile emissions, solid wastes, and other releases for the entire life cycle of a product, package, process, material, or activity. In this section, the life-cycle inventory is dev eloped for plastic bags.In the broadest sense, a life-cycle inventory analysis begins with raw material extraction and continues through final product economic inhalation and presidency. The scope of the life-cycle inventory refers to the setting of boundaries for the life-cycle inventory of a specific product.A fall chart of the life cycle of plastic bags is presented in Exhibit 1. The register may be embed on the following page.The flow of the life cycle of plastic bags is illustrated in Exhibit 1. This flow begins (PE) petroleum extraction, and progresses through (PR) petroleum refining, (Pl-E) plastic extrusion, (Pl-F) plastic fabrication, (PB-M) plastic bag manufacture, (Tr) transportation of plastic bags to initial users, (IU) initial use, (SU) secondary use, (UD) user disposal, and thence to either (Rcy) recycling or (LFD) landfill disposal.The life-cycle inventory of environmental factors for plastic bags is presented in Table 1. The table may be found on the following page.Table 1 Life-Cycle Inventory Plastic BagsEnvironmental FactorEmissions metric tonsSO20.07037CO0.01655NO20.04692VOC0.27504Lead0.00001PM100.00241MTCO2E58.76522Non-Point Air0.02432Point Air0.03892Air Releases0.04723 water Releases0.00225Land Releases0.00106Underground Releases0.01568The life-cycle inventory of plastic bags indicates that several environmental factors are involved in the production and use of the product. These factors come into play at every stage of the life cycle of plastic bags.Life-Cycle Impact AssessmentQualitative aspects of the life-cycle are addressed through the life-cycle impact assessment. The life-cycle impact assessment, however, in any case includes technical and three-figure data to assess the effects of the resource requirements and environmental factors (atmospheric emissions, waterborne emissions, and solid wastes) place in the life-cycle inventory.The life-cycle impact assessment for plastic bags developed in this section considers ecologica l and human health impacts, and resource depletion. Other effects, such as habitat modification and heat and noise pollution, also are included in the life-cycle impact assessment.The key concept in the life-cycle impact assessment is the environmental stressor. The environmental stressor concept links the life-cycle inventory and the life-cycle impact assessment through identified conditions that tie resource consumption and environmental factors. Thus, a stressor is a set of conditions that may lead to an impact.The life-cycle impact analysis does not attempt to quantify any specific actual impacts associated with a product or process. Rather, the life-cycle impact assessment seeks to establish a linkage between the product or process life cycle and potential impacts.The substance releases associated with the manufacture, distribution, use, and disposal of plastic bags create a number of stressors. These stressors, in turn, have an impact on the ecology, human and other animal we lfare, and resource conservation. The magnitude of releases into the air, water, and land are not enormous however, the are nevertheless substantial.Life-Cycle Improvement AnalysisThe life-cycle improvement analysis is an evaluation of the needs and opportunities to rivet the environmental burden associated with energy and raw material use and waste emissions throughout the life cycle of a product or process, which in this section is a product-plastic bags. This analysis includes both vicenary and qualitative measures of improvements.The economic costs associated with the use of plastic bags approximate $0.58710 per metric ton of environmental discharge. Electricity consumption in the production of plastic bags approximates 0.19 one million million kilowatt-hours per $1 million production of plastic bags.Life-Cycle Assessment Paper BagsThe life-cycle assessment of paper bags is presented in relation to life-cycle inventory, life-cycle impact assessment, and life-cycle improvement analysis.Life-Cycle InventoryAs noted in the preceding life-cycle assessment of plastic bags, the life-cycle inventory analysis is a technical, data-based process of quantifying energy and raw material requirements, atmospheric emissions, waterborne emissions, solid wastes, and other releases for the entire life cycle of a product, package, process, material, or activity. In this section, the life-cycle inventory is developed for paper bags.In the broadest sense, as stated in the life-cycle assessment of plastic bags, a life-cycle inventory analysis begins with raw material extraction and continues through final product consumption and disposal. The scope of the life-cycle inventory refers to the setting of boundaries for the life-cycle inventory of a specific product.A flow chart of the life cycle of plastic bags is presented in Exhibit 2. The exhibit may be found on the following page.The flow of the life cycle of paper bags is illustrated in Exhibit 2. This flow begins (TH) tree harvesting, and progresses through (LT) log transport, (Pm-O) pulp mill operations, (Pa-F) paper fabrication, (PB-M) paper bag manufacture, (Tr) transportation of paper bags to initial users, (IU) initial use, (SU) secondary use, (UD) user disposal, and thence to either (Rcy) recycling or (LFD) landfill disposal.The life-cycle inventory of environmental factors for plastic bags is presented in Table 2. The table may be found on the following page.Table 2 Life-Cycle Inventory Paper BagsEnvironmental FactorEmissions metric tonsSO20.80988CO0.51794NO20.35931VOC0.30502Lead0.00010PM100.03281MTCO2E91.28522Non-Point Air0.00471Point Air0.07472Air Releases0.07824Water Releases0.00362Land Releases0.00144Underground Releases0.00000The life-cycle inventory of paper bags indicates that several environmental factors are involved in the production and use of the product. These factors come into play at every stage of the life cycle of paper bags.Life-Cycle Impact AssessmentQualitative aspects of t he life cycle are addressed through the life-cycle impact assessment, a fact noted in the life-cycle assessment of plastic bags. The life-cycle impact assessment, however, also includes technical and quantitative data to assess the effects of the resource requirements and environmental factors (atmospheric emissions, waterborne emissions, and solid wastes) identified in the life-cycle inventory.The life-cycle impact assessment for paper bags developed in this section considers ecological and human health impacts, and resource depletion. Other effects, such as habitat modification and heat and noise pollution, also are included in the life-cycle impact assessment.The key concept in the life-cycle impact assessment, a previously noted in the life-cycle assessment of plastic bags, is the environmental stressor. The environmental stressor concept links the life-cycle inventory and the life-cycle impact assessment through identified conditions that tie resource consumption and environmen tal factors. Thus, a stressor is a set of conditions that may lead to an impact.The life-cycle impact analysis, as stated in the life-cycle assessment of plastic bags, does not attempt to quantify any specific actual impacts associated with a product or process. Rather, the life-cycle impact assessment seeks to establish a linkage between the product or process life cycle and potential impacts.The substance releases associated with the manufacture, distribution, use, and disposal of paper bags create a number of stressors. These stressors, in turn, have an impact on the ecology, human and other animal welfare, and resource conservation. The magnitude of releases into the air, water, and land are not enormous however, the are nevertheless substantial.Life-Cycle Improvement AnalysisThe life-cycle improvement analysis is an evaluation of the needs and opportunities to reduce the environmental burden associated with energy and raw material use and waste emissions throughout the life cyc le of a product or process, which in this section is a product-plastic bags. This analysis includes both quantitative and qualitative measures of improvements.The economic costs associated with the use of paper bags approximate $0.57299 per metric ton of environmental discharge. Electricity consumption in the production of plastic bags approximates 0.27 million kilowatt-hours per $1 million production of plastic bags.Comparative Assessment of Plastic Bags Paper BagsComparing the life-cycle assessment of plastic bags with the life-cycle assessment of paper bags reveals that, from an environmental jeopardize perspective, plastic bags are a lower risk product than are paper bags. With respect to life-cycle inventory comparisons, paper bags are superior to plastic bags only when within the context of non-point air releases.Comparing the life-cycle assessment of plastic bags with the life-cycle assessment of paper bags within a total cost context reveals that plastic bags own less re sources in production and distribution. Further, the total cost of production is lower for plastic bags than for paper bags.RecommendationsFor the company manufacturing bags, the recommendation is that plastic bags continue to be produced. Although the company does not now produce paper bags, the recommendations is that such production not be commenced.ConclusionsOne conclusion drawn from the findings of this study is that plastic bags are a more economic product for the manufacturer than are paper bags. A second conclusion is that plastic bags are less harmful to the ecology than are paper bags.

School Security: Safe but Subtle Essay -- essays papers

discipline Security Safe but SubtleThe most disreputable and deadly act of vehemence to occur in a U.S. school were the events of April 20, 1999. In Littleton Colorado two teens went on a shooting and bombing spree that left 15 dead and 24 wounded before they shot and killed themselves. During the rampage, the two fired about 900 rounds of ammunition from two sawed off shotguns, a 9-mm autoloading(a) carbine, and a semiautomatic handgun. Police also later found more than 30 bombs placed throughout the school (Brock, 2001).In light of recent acts of violence in the nations schools, school safety and security have become a hot topic. However, the issue of school safety goes beyond scholar violence. It includes property damage, theft, and anything else that concerns the overall well being of schools. While it is important to create a safe environment in schools it is also necessary to make certain(a) students feel comfortable in this atmosphere. The security can not be so despotic that it becomes a negative tactic that gets in the way of the students briny objective, learning. Barely noticeable cameras, ID cards, and security guards without uniforms can help generate this safe, but comfortable learning environment. On the other hand metal detectors and mini guard forces may be a little too reminiscent of George Orwells novel, 1984, or even modern prisons. School security should not be overbearing or obtrusive where it gets in the way of a comfortable environment that is conducive to learning in the nations schools. Schools are safe places. However, the American public has become increasingly concerned with crime in schools and the safety of students. In part, this concern has been shaped by the highly publicized acts ... ...iew of School preventative Research. Retrieved April 28, 2005 from http//nssc1.org/studies/statistic%20resourcespdf.pdf.U.S. Department of Education, National focus on for Education Statistics. (2002). Are Americas Scho ols Safe? Students Speak Out 1999 School Crime Supplement. Retrieved April 28, 2005 from http//nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp/pubid=2002331.U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2003). Indicators of School Crime and Safety 2003. Retrieved April 28, 2005 from http//nces.ed.gov/pubs2004/crime03.Watson, R.J., & Watson, R.S. (2002). The School as a Safe Haven. Westport, CT Bergin & Garvey.Wright, Joe. (2004). Lets See Some ID. American School & University, 76(7), 56-57. Retrieved April 14, 2005 from Academic Search/EBSCO database. http//search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=12649650.

Hypatia of Alexandria :: essays research papers

Hypatia of AlexandriaHypatia was born in 370 A.D. in Alexandria, Egypt. From that day on her life was one enriched with a passion for knowledge. Theon, Hypatias father whom himself was a mathematician, raise Hypatia in an environment of thought. Both of them formed a strong bond as he taught her his own knowledge and shared his passion in the reckon of answers to the unknown. Under her fathers discipline he developed a physical routine for her to ensure a healthy body as well as a highly functional mind. Her father instructed her on the different religions of the world and how to baffle people with the power of words. Also taught her the fundamentals of teaching so she could be a profound orator. From the teachings of her father, she to became a mathematician and philosopher which she was recognized the head of the Neo-Platonist school of philosophy at Alexandria. Due to her eloquence, modesty, and beauty, combine with her remarkable intellectual gifts, she attracted a large num ber of pupils. Her students were risque young men, both Pagan and Christian, who rose to occupy influential civil and eccelestrastical positions. They considered Hypatia as their divine guide into the realm of philosophical and cosmic mysteries, which included mathematics. She combined the principles of free thinking and the ideal of pure living. She was known for her prudence, moderation, and self control, and for her ease of manner and her beauty. She was recognized as an eloquent teacher and by 390 A.D. her circle of influence was well-established. She also symbolized learning and science which in time of Western history were largely identified by early Christians with Paganism. As such, she was the focal point in the tension and riots between Christians and non-Christians that racked more than once in Alexandria. In this time Cyril roused negative sentiment toward Orestes and Orestes was attacked by 500 Nitrian monks. Due to Cyril and his negativity and what he caused to run i nto to Orestes, Hypatia fell victim to the political hostilities due to being a close associate of Orestes and was undoubtedly defamed by Cyril. Admiration for her became resentment and she was perceived as an prohibition to the conciliation of Orestes and Cyril. Being as that, Cyril began planning Hypatias most crucial death. In 415 A.D., during Lent, while riding in her chariot through the streets of Alexandria, she was attacked upon by a fanatical mob of antipagan Christians.